县中塌陷的区域异质性、成因与政策治理路径擘画

The Regional Heterogeneity, Causes and Policy Governance Path of Collapse in County High School

县中承担着县域内普通高中教育的供给职责,是诸多学子实现阶层流动的重要阶梯。伴随着我国各地区“超级中学”的兴起和城镇化的推进,部分县中出现优质生源和教师持续流失、升学率不断下降的塌陷现象。本研究结合2011-2019年我国31个省份内城区与县域普通高中教育资源配置数据的熵权法分析,发现全国层面与东部地区出现较为严重的“县中塌陷”问题,同时中西部地区未来存在较大的“县中塌陷”风险。在当前“加强县域普通高中建设”的过程中,围绕城镇化的发展“、超级中学”扩张和办学政策执行偏差所带来的“县中塌陷”问题,需要坚持有效市场和有为政府相结合的理念,对教育资源供需两侧进行合理化配置,促进县域普通高中教育“更加公平、更高质量”的发展。

County high school is responsible for the supply of high school education in the county, which is an important step for many students to achieve class mobility. With the rise of ’super secondary schools’ in various regions of China and the advancement of urbanization, some counties have witnessed the continuous loss of high-quality students and teachers, and the declining enrollment rate. Based on the entropy weight analysis of the data on the allocation of educational resources in urban and county high schools in 31 provinces of China from 2011 to 2019, this study finds that there is a serious ’county high school collapse’ problem at the national level and in the eastern region, and there is a large risk of ’county high school collapse’ in the central and western regions in the future. In the current process of ’strengthening the construction of ordinary high schools in counties’, around the ’county high school collapse’ problem in counties caused by the development of urbanization, the expansion of’super high schools’ and the deviation of school-running policy implementation, it is necessary to adhere to the concept of combining effective market and promising government, and rationally allocate the supply and demand sides of educational resources, so as to promote the development of ’fairer and higher quality’ of ordinary high school education in counties.