金山大学历史工作坊与南非社会史研究的兴起

The University of the Witwatersrand History Workshop and the Rise of Social History in South Africa

在20世纪70年代反种族隔离斗争日益激烈的情况下,南非社会史研究蓬勃发展,尤其以金山大学历史工作坊最引人注目。金山大学历史工作坊深受马克思主义史学和非洲整体史学的影响,同时呈现自身的鲜明特色。金山大学历史工作坊积极倡导“自下而上”的社会史书写,以史学作为反种族隔离斗争的工具,努力唤醒黑人民众对自身处境和历史使命的认识。金山大学历史工作坊极大地推动了南非社会史研究的兴起,在当代南非史学史上占据重要地位,它深切的现实关怀至今仍深刻影响着南非史学研究。

In the 1970s,social history studies in South Africa flourished in the context of the increasingly fierce anti-apartheid struggle,especially represented by the History Workshop at the University of the Witwatersrand,Johannesburg.The Wits University History Workshop was deeply influenced by Marxist historiography and universal African historiography,while representing its own distinctive features.The Wits University History Workshop had actively promoted a"bottom-up"approach to social history writing,taking history as a tool for anti-apartheid struggle.It strived to awaken the black people to think about their own historical status and to remember their historical mission.The workshop had greatly induced the rise of social history studies in this country,and it occupies an important place in the development of contemporary South African historiography.