宁南旱地饲用高粱覆膜栽培农艺措施优化研究

Optimized Cultivation of Film-Mulching Forage Sorghum in Dry Land of Southern Ningxia

采用4因素二次正交旋转组合设计,研究旱地饲用高粱栽培关键因子密度、氮肥、磷肥、钾肥施用量对鲜草产量的影响。结果表明,各因子对产量的影响效应为:氮肥>磷肥>钾肥>密度,且氮、磷、钾肥的影响效应均达显著水平;密度与氮肥、磷肥和氮肥与磷肥之间交互效应达显著或极显著水平,生产中低密度时应通过增加磷肥、氮肥用量以获取高产,较高密度时要适当降低磷肥、氮肥用量以获取较高产量,且在低磷水平下应适度控制氮肥用量,而在高磷水平下通过增加氮肥用量可有效提升产量。运用计算机模拟寻优,得出在旱地覆膜栽培条件下,鲜草产量≥105000 kg/hm^(2)的优化栽培方案为:密度12.80万~13.30万穴/hm^(2),氮肥217.26~240.30 kg/hm^(2),磷肥183.28~200.60 kg/hm^(2),钾肥114.36~149.10 kg/hm^(2)。

Through experiment designed with the quadratic orthogonal rotation regression method of 4 factors such as density,N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O.The results showed that:The effect of 4 factors influencing the yield of forage sorghum was N>P_(2)O_(5)>K_(2)O>density,and the effect of N,P_(2)O_(5)and K_(2)O was significant.Density and interaction effect between N and P_(2)O_(5)reached significant or extremely significant level,the production of low density should be adding by P_(2)O_(5)and N in order to get high yield.When density is high,the amount of N and P_(2)O_(5)should be reduced appropriately to get higher yield,and the amount of N should be controlled appropriately under lower P_(2)O_(5)level.Under high P_(2)O_(5)levels,the yield could be effectively increased by increasing N level.Through computer simulation,the optimal cultivation scheme of fresh grass yield≥105,000 kg/ha under the condition of film-mulching in dry land is as follows:Density 128,000-133,000 holes/ha,N 217.26-240.30 kg/ha,P_(2)O_(5)183.28-200.60 kg/ha,K_(2)O 114.36-149.10 kg/ha.