农田污染土壤及活性污泥中菲、萘降解复合菌群的驯化及其物种多样性分析

Acclimation of Phenanthrene and Naphthalene Degrading Compound Bacteria from the Polluted Farmland Soil and the Activated Sludge and Their Diversities Revealed by 16S rDNA Sequencing

从焦化厂附近农田污染土壤及污水处理厂的活性污泥中驯化筛选到4个菲、萘复合降解菌群,其中驯化自活性污泥的复合菌群96 h内对菲、萘的降解效率分别达到85.90%和79.45%,驯化自污染土壤的复合菌群对菲和萘降解效率分别为52.63%和52.15%。为比较不同复合降解菌群的物种结构及多样性,进一步采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术测定16S rDNA的V3~V4区序列。4个复合菌群共产生420 771条优化序列,聚为10 696个操作分类单元(OTU),且各菌群中绝大多数OTU是其独有的。不同菌群的物种丰度大小排序为:污染土壤来源的菲降解菌群>活性污泥来源的萘降解菌群>污染土壤来源的萘降解菌群>活性污泥来源的菲降解菌群,物种多样性大小排序为:污染土壤来源的菲降解菌群>活性污泥来源的萘降解菌群>活性污泥来源的菲降解菌群>土壤来源的萘降解菌群。从属分类水平看,污染土壤来源的菲降解菌群中优势菌有肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)(38.21%)、丛毛单胞菌属(Comamonas)(32.78%)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)(20.49%),萘降解菌群中有肠杆菌属(85.16%)和不动杆菌属(9.67%);活性污泥来源的菲降解菌群中优势菌为寡养食单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)(90.58%),萘降解菌群中为不动杆菌属(52.74%)和肠杆菌属(40.11%)。本研究证明驯化自焦化厂附近农田污染土壤以及活性污泥的菲、萘降解菌群的物种丰度及多样性均非常高,是用于治理多环芳烃污染土壤或水体的重要资源。

In this paper, four compound bacteria for degrading phenanthrene or naphthalene were acclimated from the polluted farmland soil nearby a coke-plant as well as the activated sludge from a waste water plant, in which the compound bacteria from the activated sludge gave a degradation efficiency of 85.90% and 79.45% in 96 hours to phenanthrene and naphthalene, respectively and those from the polluted farmland soil with a degradation efficiency of 52.63% and 52.15% to phenanthrene and naphthalene, respectively. In order to compare the community structure and diversity in these compound bacteria, the V3-V4 regions in bacterial 16S rDNA were sequenced using the Illumina Miseq platform, by which a total of 420,771 filtered sequences of 16S rDNA were obtained from 4 compound bacteria and subsequently clustered into 10,696 OTUs(operational taxonomic units), with most of OTUs unique for each community. The order of species richness for different community was the soil phenanthrene-degrading compound bacterium>the sludge naphthalene-degrading compound bacterium>the soil naphthalene-degrading compound bacterium>the sludge phenanthrene-degrading compound bacterium, while that of species diversity was the soil phenanthrene-degrading compound bacterium>the sludge naphthalene-degrading compound bacterium>the sludge phenanthrene-degrading compound bacterium > the soil naphthalene-degrading compound bacterium. On the genus-level classification, the dominant bacteria in the soil phenanthrene-degrading compound bacterium included Enterobacter(38.21%), Comamonas(32.78%) and Acinetobacter(20.49%), and those in the soil naphthalenedegrading compound bacterium were comprised of Enterobacter(85.16%) and Acinetobacter(9.67%). On the other hand, the dominant bacteria in the sludge phenanthrene-degrading compound bacterium came from Stenotrophomonas(90.58%), and those for the sludge naphthalene-degrading compound bacterium consisted of Acinetobacter(52.74%) and Enterobacter(40.11%). This study developed the phenanthrene-or naphthalene-degrading compound bacteria with high species richness and diversity, which can be used to remediate the polluted soil or water by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.