小麦农田无线传感器网络能量高效数据汇集方法

Energy Efficient Data Collection Method for Wireless Sensor Network in Wheat Field

小麦农田无线传感器网络是实现小麦变量施肥、灌溉决策、病虫防控等农业精准作业的重要基础,针对小麦农田监测环境供电不便、环境复杂造成的无线传感器网络动态变化、监测周期短等问题,从能耗优化的角度研究提出了一种面向小麦农田的高能效无线传感器网络拓扑关联簇首轮换方法(Topology based Energy-efficient Cluster-head Rotating Scheme for wireless sensor networks in wheat fields, TECRS)。该方法根据节点剩余能量、拓扑位置和节点度等多个因素综合计算簇首竞争权值,优先选择剩余能量高、节点度大、距汇聚节点近的传感器节点成为簇首,以提高节点的能量使用效率并延长网络寿命。最后为解决传统分簇算法中簇首频繁轮换开销大的问题,通过改变进行簇首选取的周期,对比算法在不同轮换周期下的平均能耗与网络寿命,确定最优的簇首轮换频率。仿真实验结果表明,每9轮数据上传进行1次簇首轮换时,TECRS算法在网络生命周期与节点能量均衡方面达到最优,此时网络生命周期约为LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)的2倍,是EEDRCP(Energy Efficient Double Rounds Clustering Protocol)与LUCR(A Layerbased Unequal Clustering Routing Protocol)算法的1.3倍,且较三种算法有着更好的能耗均衡性能,更适合于能量受限的小麦农田无线传感器网络监测应用。

Wheat field wireless sensor network is an important basis for realizing agricultural precision operation such as wheat variable fertilization, irrigation decision-making, pest control and other. Aimed at the problems of dynamic changes in wireless sensor networks and short monitoring cycles due to inconvenient power supply for monitoring the wheat farmland and complicated environment. A Topology based energy-efficient cluster-head rotation Scheme for wireless sensor networks in wheat fields(TECRS) was proposed from the perspective of Energy consumption optimization. In this method, the competitive weight of cluster heads was calculated based on the residual energy, topological position, node degree and other factors;and the sensor nodes with high residual energy, large node degree and close to the sink node were selected as the cluster heads in order to improve the energy use efficiency of nodes and extend the network life;finally, in order to solve the problem of high overhead of frequent rotation of cluster heads in traditional clustering algorithm, by changing the cycle of cluster head selection, comparing the average energy consumption and network life of the algorithm under different rotation cycles, the optimal frequency of cluster head rotation was determined. The simulation results show that when the first round of cluster change was carried out every 9 rounds of data upload, the network life cycle and node energy balance of the TECRS algorithm were optimal. The network life cycle was about 2 times of Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH), 1.3 times of Energy Efficient Double Rounds Clustering Protocol(EEDRCP) and A Layer-based Unequal Clustering Routing Protocol(LUCR), and the energy balance performance of the three algorithms was better, which was more suitable for the monitoring of wheat field wireless sensor network with limited energy Application.