平台数据型自我优待的反垄断法分析

Analysis of Platform Data-based Self-reference by Antitrust Law

平台数据型自我优待是自我优待的一种新形式,代表着平台企业在未经允许的情况下,使用平台内第三方卖家非公开数据分析结果以增强自营业务竞争实力的行为,实践中存在调整报价、复制并推出新商品、调整库存等多种表现。平台对第三方卖家非公开数据的使用会产生损害竞争的效果,从而可能违反反垄断法。在没有统一违法性标准和判决先例的前提下,平台数据型自我优待的违法性判断应注重分析数据种类、数据属性、数据使用目的,以及是否存在弥补竞争损害替代性渠道。为修复平台数据型自我优待造成的竞争损害,反垄断执法机构应设置较为具体的救济措施。行为性救济方面可以要求平台设立数据隔离机制,确立数据最小化原则,建立数据使用的同意规则,且考虑平台对第三方卖家开放部分数据;当行为性救济实施效果不佳或平台已多次实施数据型自我优待行为时,结构性救济如剥离平台自营业务线也存在适用空间。

Platform data-based self-preference is a new form of self-preference,which represents the behavior of platform enterprises to use the result of non-public data analysis of third-party sellers without permission toenhance the competitiveness of their own business.In practice,there are various manifestations,such as adjusting prices,copying and launching new products,and adjusting inventory.The use of non-public data of third-party sellers on the platform will have the effect of harming competition,which may violate the antitrust law.In the absence of uniform illegality standard and judgment precedent,the judgement of illegality of platform data-based self-preference should depend on the analysis of the data types,data attributes,purposes of data use,and the alternative channelsto compensate for competition damage.In order to remedy the competitive damage caused by the platformdata-based self-preference,the antitrust law enforcement agency should set up more specific remedies.In terms of behavioral remedies,the platform can be required to set up a data isolation mechanism,establish the principle of data minimization,set up consent rules for data use,and open some data to third-party sellers.When behavioral remedies are not effective or the platform has implemented data-based self-preference for many times,structural remedies such as divestiture the platformself-operated business line are applicable.