东北地区“三区空间”格局演化特征及驱动机制

Evolution characteristics and driving mechanism of spatial pattern of"three-zone space"in Northeast China

采用空间转移矩阵、景观格局分析和最优参数地理探测器等方法,从“量变–形变”两个维度切入,研究2000—2020年东北地区“三区空间”演化特征与驱动机制。结果表明:(1)近20 a东北地区城镇空间剧烈扩张的同时常住人口不断减少,中小城镇“人口-土地”失衡问题显著;农业空间、生态空间规模有所减少;(2)农业空间是城镇扩张的主要来源,国家级农产品主产区中农业空间流失严重;“生态-农业”空间的相互交叉转换现象明显,集中发生在农产品主产区和重点生态功能区;(3)重点开发区、优化开发区内景观破碎化、异质化趋势明显,农产品主产区中农业空间作为优势类型的地位下降,重点生态功能区景观格局变化不明显;(4)国土开发政策是东北“三区空间”演化的关键驱动力;地理基础条件是基本动力,对形态变化的驱动作用更强;社会经济条件是重要驱动力,对交叉转换规模的作用尤为显著。

Using the spatial transformation matrix,landscape pattern analysis,and Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector Model,this study aimed to reveal the spatial evolution characteristics and formation mechanism of the"three-zone space"in Northeast China in the past 20 years from the two dimensions of transformation gross scale and landscape pattern change.The results showed that:1)In the last 20a,with the rapid expansion of urban space,the resident population in Northeast China was decreasing,and the imbalance of"population-land"in non-central cities was more serious.At the same time,the scale of agricultural space and ecological space had been reduced.2)Agricultural space was the main source of urban expansion,especially in the main agricultural producing areas.In addition,the conversion between ecological space and agricultural space in non-key and optimized development zones was particularly evident.3)The trend of landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity in key and optimized development zones was obvious,and the position of agricultural space as a dominant type in the main agricultural product producing areas declined,but no significant change in the landscape pattern of ecological function reserve.4)Land development policy had a significant impact on both the transformation gross scale and landscape pattern change,but the geographical conditions had a stronger impact on the landscape pattern change and social-economic factors had a more influence on the transformation gross scale.