航空发动机及燃气轮机用关键材料的激光增材制造研究进展

Research progress and prospect of additive manufacturing of key materials for aeroengines and gas turbines

增材制造技术可以突破传统工艺的加工和设计局限,实现高性能复杂结构零件的一体化直接成形,在航空发动机及燃气轮机(两机)领域有着巨大的应用潜力。针对镍基高温合金、钛基合金和高强度钢等3类合金,综述了激光工艺参数、成分改性以及外场作用下的微观组织特点和调控方法;比较分析了室温和高温条件下的典型力学性能特征,以及增材制造合金的工艺参数—微观结构—力学性能映射关系,并总结了上述材料在两机领域关键构件的增材制造应用现状和典型案例;展望了面向两机领域关键构件的新型增材制造技术、微观组织调控技术、专用合金体系以及增材制造过程稳定性研究,进一步推动增材制造技术在两机关键领域的推广和应用。

Additive manufacturing technology can break through the processing and design limitations of traditional processes and realize integrated forming of high-performance parts with complex structures.It has great application potential in aero engines and gas turbines.In this paper,for three types of alloys,including nickel-based superalloys,titanium-based alloys,and high-strength steels,the microstructure characteristics and control methods of laser processing parameters,composition modification,and external field are reviewed at first.Then the typical characteristics and comparison of mechanical properties are summarized,which provide an in-depth understanding of the mapping relationship between process parameters-microstructure-mechanical properties of additive manufacturing alloys.Finally,the application status and typical cases of additive manufacturing of the above materials in key components are introduced.In addition,this paper also looks ahead at the new additive manufacturing technology,microstructure control technology,special alloy composition,and research on the process stability for key components in the field of aero engines and gas turbines,which can further promote the application of additive manufacturing technology.