计量的空间

On dimensions of metrology

2018年国际计量大会(CGPM)通过国际单位制(SI)重新定义,为计量的发展和应用打开了更为广阔的空间。从计量的定义出发,用演绎和归纳相结合的方式,梳理计量涉及的要素和内容,提出“计量的空间”概念,从计量学基础、法制计量、计量的应用等不同层面阐释计量的丰富内涵。提出计量学基础包含测量理论研究、量值溯源、测量新手段、操作规范性、测量结果分析等基本要素。提出计量学基础与法制计量共同构成计量基础设施,支撑计量的产业应用。从计量的空间角度回顾了计量发展的3个阶段,展望了计量3.0时代SI重新定义可能带来的新变化。

The redefinition of the International System of Units(SI),approved by the General Conference on Weights and Measures(CGPM)in 2018,opened up a wider scope for the development and application of metrology.Starting from the definition of metrology,this paper analyzes the aspects and elements of metrology by deduction and induction and then puts forward the concept of"dimensions of metrology".The basics of metrology as a science,legal metrology,and application of metrology in industry are explored accordingly.It is proposed that the aspects of the basics of metrology include research on measurement theories,traceability of quantity values,new measurement devices,operational specifications,and analysis of measured values.It is proposed that the basics of metrology and legal metrology constitute a metrological infrastructure that underpins applications of metrology in various industries.Three development stages of metrology are reviewed from the perspective of the dimensions of metrology.The paper also looks ahead at new changes in the Era of Metrology 3.0 that may be brought about by the redefinition of SI.