特色农产品产业链延伸对农民转型的影响机制研究——基于西南地区的经验数据

Research on the Impact Mechanism of the Extension of the Industrial Chain of Characteristic Agricultural Products on the Transformation of Farmers——Based on the empirical data of Southwest China

基于国家实施乡村振兴战略背景下,围绕产业振兴主旨,文章选择我国西南地区部分乡村为样本,采用499户农民的调查数据,通过二元Logistic模型、中介效应模型分析特色农产品产业链延伸促进农民转型的影响机制和转型异质性来源。研究发现:(1)特色农产品产业链分别从上游、中游、下游三层次延伸对农民转型产生显著正向影响。相对于产业链中游延伸,上游延伸和下游延伸对农民转型更具激励作用,三者促进农民转型效果呈“U”型分布。(2)农业积极性、学习积极性、营销积极性均会加强该正向影响,其在农民转型过程中发挥中介作用。(3)农民转型异质性主要来源于性别、年龄和家庭劳动人口数三个因素。其中,女性在中游延伸比较受益,男性在下游延伸转型更快。年龄越小、家庭劳动人数越少的农民转型越快。因此,应发挥特色农产品产业链引领作用,在延链中促进农民转型;合理配置资源分配,强化产业链中农民主体地位,促进农民向新时代职业农民转型。

Based on the background of the national implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,centering on the theme of in⁃dustrial revitalization,the article selects some villages in southwest China as samples,uses the survey data of 499 farmers,and ana⁃lyzes the impact mechanism and the source of transformation heterogeneity of the extension of the characteristic agricultural prod⁃uct industrial chain to promote the transformation of farmers through the binary logistic model and the intermediary effect model.The findings are as follows.(1)The extension of characteristic agricultural product industrial chain from upstream,midstream and downstream has a significant positive impact on farmers’transformation.Compared with the midstream extension of the industrial chain,the upstream extension and the downstream extension have more incentive effect on the transformation of farmers,and the three promote the transformation of farmers in a“U”shape distribution.(2)Agricultural enthusiasm,learning enthusiasm and mar⁃keting enthusiasm will strengthen the positive impact and play an intermediary role in the transformation process of farmers.(3)The heterogeneity of farmers’transformation mainly comes from three factors:gender,age and the number of family workers.Among them,women benefit from the extension in the midstream,while men extend and transform faster in the downstream.Farmers who are younger and have fewer family workers tend to transform faster.Therefore,we should play a leading role in the industrial chain of characteristic agricultural products and promote the transformation of farmers in the chain extension.Reasonably allocate re⁃sources,strengthen the dominant position of farmers in the industrial chain,and promote the transformation of farmers to profession⁃al farmers in the new era.