欧洲议会涉气候法案的内容与经验借鉴

The content and lessons from the European parliament’s climate-related legislations

欧盟委员会于2022年6月提出的制定《欧盟碳边境调节机制》、设立“社会气候基金”等8项涉气候法案是落实《欧洲气候变化法》,实现其2030年减排55%以上、2050年前达到气候中和的重要保障。8项涉气候法案从“有为政府+有效市场+有利国际贸易”三个维度,通过政府手段分解减排目标、运用市场手段调配减排资源、出台新贸易规则避免碳泄露,将开启欧盟碳市场自成立以来的最大规模变革,并通过碳边境调节机制对包括中国在内的欧盟贸易伙伴形成“碳价胁迫”。文中对8项涉气候法案进行了整体分析和评价,并提出夯实我国政府部门的碳控排责任、发挥我国碳市场的旗舰制度作用、提高我国应对碳贸易壁垒的能力等政策建议。

The eight climate-related bills proposed by the European Commission in June 2022,including the establishment of the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM)and the“Social Climate Fund”,are important guarantees for the implementation of the European Climate Change Law,the realization of its emissions reduction of more than 55%by 2030 and the achievement of climate neutrality by 2050.From the three dimensions of“active government+effective market+favorable international trade”,the eight climate-related bills decompose emission reduction targets through government means,allocate emission reduction resources through market means,and introduce new trade rules to avoid carbon leakage,which will open the largest regulatory change in the EU carbon market since its establishment,and utilizing“carbon price coercion”against EU trading partners like China by the CBAM.The paper makes an overall analysis and evaluation of eight climate-related bills,and puts forward specific policy recommendations for China such as strengthening the carbon control responsibility of government departments,playing to the role of the fundamental system of the carbon market,and improving the ability to deal with carbon trade barriers.