冠突散囊菌散茶发花工艺提高茯茶品质研究进展

Quality improvement of Fuzhuan Brick tea by fermentation of loose tea using Eurotium cristatum

以夏秋茶为主要原料的茯茶对促进茶业发展、提高茶叶生产效益、增加茶农收入具有重要意义。“散茶发花”工艺可克服传统“茯砖茶”工艺工序繁琐复杂、耗时长、发花质量不可控、饮用不便等缺点,为普及夏秋茶的饮用提供了新方法,为茯茶的发展奠定了技术基础。通过在茶叶上人工接种冠突散囊菌(Eurotium cristatum),并控制一定的温、湿度条件,促使该微生物生长繁殖,形成大量金黄色闭囊壳,最终形成茯茶特有的色、香、味品质。目前,利用冠突散囊菌散茶发花工艺提高茯茶品质的研究备受青睐,市场发展前景广阔。本文综述了散茶发花工艺流程及原理、散茶发花加工过程中物质的变化及对茶品质的影响,冠突散囊菌的特性及其发酵应用等内容,以期为其深入研究和开发提供帮助。

Fuzhuan brick tea which is mainly made with summer and autumn fresh tea leaves,plays a great role in development of tea industry,improvement of production benefit and increase in tea farmers′income.The traditional production technique of Fuzhuan brick tea has many disadvantages,such as complication of processing procedure,time-consuming,uncontrollable quality,inconvenience for drinking and etc.However,the fermentation of loose tea using Eurotium cristatum can overcome these disadvantages,which lays a technical foundation for Fuzhuan tea industry development and provides a new opportunity for summer and autumn tea utilization.By means of artificially inoculating Eurotium cristatum on the tea leaves and optimizing temperature and humidity,the microorganism growth was promoted,a large number of golden colonies of E.cristatum were formed,resulting in the characteristic color,aroma and taste quality of Fuzhuan tea.Nowadays,the researches on how to improve the quality of Fuzhuan tea by fermentation of loose tea using E.cristatum were highly favored,and it has a broad market prospect.In this paper,the principle,procedure and changes in quality chemicals of fermentation of loose tea using E.cristatum and their impact on tea quality were reviewed,which will provide reference for its in-depth research and development in this field.