典型新污染物治理国际经验研究——以《斯德哥尔摩公约》管控的持久性有机污染物为例

International Experience in the Management of Typical New Pollutants∶A Case Study of POPs Regulated Under Stockholm Convention

持久性有机污染物(POPs)是一类典型的新污染物,以欧美为代表的发达国家早在20世纪70年代就开始对POPs治理进行探索,逐渐形成一套针对有毒有害化学品的管理体系。首先结合《斯德哥尔摩公约》,梳理美国、日本、加拿大、部分欧洲国家等典型发达国家POPs治理相关法律法规以及欧洲针对POPs治理形成的国家—欧盟—国际三级法律体系;其次基于风险控制理念提出了以POPs为代表的具有PBT特性(持久性、生物蓄积性和毒性)的有毒有害化学品管控先进国际经验和对重点化学品进行识别、筛选、评估、管控的优先性策略;为促进我国新污染物治理和《斯德哥尔摩公约》履约工作提出相关建议。

Persistent Organic Pollutants(POPs)are a group of the typical new pollutants,the developed countries represented by Europe and America began the exploration in the control of POPs as early as in the 1970s and gradually formed a management system in the aim of toxic and harmful chemicals.Firstly,in combination with Stockholm Convention,laws,regulations and policies related to POPs control in typical developed countries such as the United States,Japan,Canada and some European countries were sorted out,as well as the country-EU-international legal system for POPs control formed in Europe.Secondly,represented by POPs,advanced international experience in the management and control of toxic and harmful chemicals in the developed countries based on risk control concepts such as PBT characteristics(i.e.,persistence,bioaccumulation and toxicity)and priority strategies for the identification,screening,evaluation and control of key chemicals were summarized and proposed.Finally,Some suggestions for promoting the control of new pollutants in our country and the performance of Stockholm Convention were put forward.