人员易损性评估技术综述

Review on personnel vulnerability assessment technology

人员易损性是典型的医工交叉领域,在战伤救治和毁伤评估等方面有重大意义。分析了各国构建的基于人体解剖结构的人体易损性模型异同;从动能弹药造成的人体创伤伤道构建、基于AIS(abbreviated injury scale)的人员损伤评估、基于ECV(elemental capability vector)的失能评估、弹药对人员的杀伤效能评估和单兵防护装备效能评估等5个方面对人员易损性评估技术进行了综述;重点对美国ORCA (operational requirement-based casualty assessment)软件的典型损伤评估模块进行了介绍,并给出3个基于ORCA软件的人员易损性评估应用案例。研究成果可为弹药论证、研制、效能评估和人员战场生存力评估、单兵防护设计与优化等研究提供参考。

Personnel vulnerability is a typical cross-field of medicine and industry,which is of great significance in treatment of war injuries and damage assessment.This paper analyzes the similarities and differences of human vulnerability models based on the human anatomical structure constructed by various countries.In addition,this paper summarizes the evaluation techniques of human vulnerability from five aspects,which are the construction of human injury track caused by kinetic energy munitions,the assessment of human injuries based on AIS(Abbreviated Injury Scale),the assessment of human disability based on ECV(Elemental Capability Vector),the evaluation of killing effectiveness of munitions to human beings and the evaluation of the effectiveness of individual protective equipment.This paper mainly introduces the typical damage assessment module of Operational Requirement-based Casualty Assessment(ORCA)software,and exemplifies three application cases of personnel vulnerability assessment based on ORCA software.The research results provide reference for ammunition demonstrationand development,effectiveness evaluation,battlefield survivability evaluation,individual protection design and optimization.