溶磷微生物及其对植物促生作用的研究进展

Research progress on phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms and their effects on plant growth

磷是植物生长发育的必需营养元素之一,主要以难溶性磷化物形式存在于土壤中,难以被植物直接吸收利用。溶磷微生物作为土壤磷循环中的重要组成一员,能通过酸化、酶解等作用将难溶性磷转化分解为可供植物吸收利用的可溶性磷素,进而提高植物对土壤磷素的利用率,被普遍认为是能促进植物生长的一类重要有益微生物。对溶磷微生物的种类、生态分布特征、溶磷能力检测、溶磷影响因素、溶磷机制以及促生应用现状进行了系统综述,并结合目前溶磷微生物在实际应用中存在的问题,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。

Phosphorus,one of the essential nutrients for plant growth,mainly exists in soil in the form of insoluble phosphide,which is difficult to be directly absorbed by plants.Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms,as an important part of soil phosphorus cycle,can transform insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus which can be absorbed by plants through acidification and enzymatic hydrolysis,thus increasing the utilization rate of soil phosphorus by plants.Therefore,they are generally considered as important beneficial microorganisms that can promote plant growth.In this review,the species,ecological distribution characteristics,detection of phosphorus solubilizing ability,influencing factors of phosphorus solubilization,phosphorus solubilizing mechanism and application status of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms were summarized,and the research prospects based on the problems existing in the current application of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms was discussed.