论刑事附带民事诉讼禁止精神损害赔偿的例外

Exception to the prohibition of moral damages in criminal incidental civil litigation

《民法典》明确规定精神损害赔偿后,刑事附带民事诉讼完全禁止精神损害赔偿出现了松动,在司法解释上以“一般”加“例外”的形式允许被害人提出精神损害赔偿。立法上的突破,将刑事附带民事诉讼从服务于刑事诉讼的目的转向维护被害人的私权,保障刑事附带民事诉讼中民事诉讼的性质,带动部分法院已经允许刑事附带民事诉讼中提起精神损害赔偿。司法解释以及司法实务的转变需要对“例外”情形进行解释,进而扩大“例外”情形,最终实现完全允许刑事案件中提出精神损害赔偿。

After the Civil Code explicitly provides for compensation for moral damages,the complete prohibition of moral damages in criminal incidental civil litigation has been loosened and the judicial interpretation allows victims to file for moral damages in the form of“general”plus“exception”.The breakthrough in legislation has shifted the criminal incidental civil litigation from serving the purpose of criminal litigation to safeguard the private rights of the victims and protect the nature of civil litigation in criminal incidental civil litigation and some courts have allowed moral damages to be brought in criminal incidental civil litigation.The judicial interpretation and the transformation of judicial practice need to explain the“exception”circumstances and then expand the“exception”circumstances and finally achieve the full permission to bring moral damage compensation in criminal cases.