多重交织的“渔父”形象探赜

An exploration of multiple connotations of fisherman’s image

“渔父”是古代劳动人民代表,也象征了无数失意文人隐逸洒脱的梦想,“渔父”一词有着丰富的文化内涵。“渔父”在《诗经》中是真实的捕鱼者和垂钓者,在《庄子》《楚辞》中成为潇洒旷达的世外高人、智者,在两汉魏晋中的“渔父”形象进一步将“仕”“隐”的生活方式进行结合;渔父”在唐宋诗词中成为高频词汇,成为文人笔下旷达出世、高傲孤洁、忙里偷闲的代名词;在明清戏曲、小说中化身为具有侠肝义胆的勇士。“渔父”形象的演变反映了其文化内涵在时代变化中被继承和改写的过程,体现了“渔父”形象在人性上的一定复归。

In the history of ancient Chinese literature,the term“fishermen”has rich cultural connotations.“Fishermen”is not only the representative of the ancient labors,but also a symbol of countless frustrated literati’s dream of seclusion and freedom.In the Book of Songs,“fishermen”is a real rural fisherman and angler,and in Zhuangzi and Ci of Chu,he refers a magnate and wise man outside the world,while in the Han dynasty,Wei and Jin dynasties,the image of“fishermen”closely combines“official”and“hidden”.Later,“fishermen”became a high frequency word in Tang and Song poetry and was a synonym for being open-minded,arrogant,solitary and clean while taking time for yourself from the busy life.Finally,in the Ming and Qing dynasties’dramas,“fishermen”was pictured into a chivalrous warrior.The evolution of the image of“fishermen”reflects the process of cultural connotation being inherited and adapted with the evolution of the times,which reflects the continuous return to human nature of the image of“fishermen”.