我国白酒废水处理工艺探讨

Discussion on the treatment technology of Baijiu wastewater in China

白酒作为中国特有的酒产品,种类繁多,分布广泛,而白酒生产过程中会产生大量的酿酒废水。白酒酿造废水是一种高浓度有机废水,具有极高的化学需氧量(COD)和悬浮颗粒物浓度,并含有大量氮、磷等元素,且pH较低。该文简要介绍了我国白酒的一般生产工艺以及酿酒废水的排放情况和污染特征;综述了当前我国白酒酿造废水的处理现状,主要为“物化法+生物法”耦合工艺;归纳总结了我国大中型白酒厂常用处理工艺,并通过与大中型白酒厂对比,剖析了当前小型分散式白酒厂废水处理的重点与难点;同时介绍了其他白酒废水处理工艺并阐明了行业发展的方向。

As a unique alcoholic product in China,Baijiu is widely distributed with many varieties,and a large amount of brewing wastewater is produced in the process of Baijiu production.Baijiu brewing wastewater is a kind of high concentration organic wastewater,with high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD)and suspended particulate matter,and contains a lot of nitrogen,phosphorus and other elements,and low pH.The general production process of Baijiu in China,the discharge and pollution characteristics of brewing wastewater were briefly introduced.The current treatment status of Baijiu brewing wastewater in China was summarized,which was mainly the coupling process of"physicochemical method+biological method".The common treatment processes of large and medium-sized Baijiu plants in China were summarized,the key points and difficult points of the wastewater treatment in small distributed Baijiu plants were analyzed by comparing with large and medium-sized Baijiu plants.At the same time,other Baijiu wastewater treatment processes were introduced,and the development direction of the industry was clarified.