基于发展和环境的城镇化质量时空特征与影响因子探测分析——以辽宁省为例

Spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of urbanization quality based on development and environment:taking Liaoning province as an example

基于城镇发展和城镇环境质量两个维度构建辽宁省城镇化质量评价指标体系,综合运用熵权法、标准差椭圆、地理探测器等方法探究辽宁省城镇化质量及空间分布规律、空间演变趋势及影响因子.研究结果表明:1)2005—2019年辽宁省总体城镇化质量指数呈现上升态势,由2.74提高到4.74,经济城镇化子系统质量上升最大,社会城镇化和环境治理子系统质量上升趋势明显,环境状态和环境压力子系统质量相对平稳.2)各市城镇化质量指数在0.087~0.740之间,空间分布上主要呈现沈阳为“大核心”,大连为“小核心”的区域聚集发展格局.3)研究区城镇化质量标准差椭圆重心位于辽阳市,2005—2019年偏转轨迹是“东南—西北—西南”,且标准差椭圆重心移动距离和移动速度逐年增加.4)影响辽宁省城镇化质量的子系统主要有经济城镇化、社会城镇化和环境治理因素;具体到指标层上,影响综合城镇化质量的主要有建成区面积、全社会固定资产投资、参加基本养老保险人数、每万人在校大学生数、生活垃圾清运量和城市污水日处理能力,且指标影响力在持续上升.

Scientific evaluation of urbanization quality is of great significance to measure the level of urban development and promote sustainable urban development.Based on the two dimensions of urban development and urban environmental quality,an evaluation index system of urbanization quality in Liaoning province was constructed,and methods including entropy weight,standard deviation ellipse and geographic detector were comprehensively used to explore the urbanization quality and its spatial distribution,spatial evolution trend and influencing factors in Liaoning province.The results show that,from 2005 to 2019,the overall urbanization quality index increased from 2.74 to 4.74,of which the quality of economic urbanization subsystem had the largest increase,the quality of social urbanization and environmental governance subsystem had an obvious upward trend,and the quality of environmental state and environmental pressure subsystem was relatively stable.For the spatial distribution of urbanization quality,the index ranged from 0.087 to 0.740 for Liaoning s cities,with Shenyang as the“big core”and Dalian as the“small core”of regional agglomeration.The center of gravity ellipse of urbanization quality standard deviation fell on Liaoyang,and the deflection trajectory was along southeast-northwest-southwest from 2005 to 2019,with annual increasing distance and speed of the center of gravity ellipse of standard deviation.Among all the subsystems,economic urbanization,social urbanization and environmental management posed more influence on urbanization quality in Liaoning province;specifically,main influencing indexes included urbanization area,fixed assets investment,number of people participating in primary pension insurance,number of college students per ten thousand people,and capacity of domestic garbage removal and urban sewage treatment,which played growing influence on urbanization quality.