公益事业建设碑刻所见清末贵州妇女社会地位的转变

On the Transformation of Women’s Social Status in Guizhou in the Late Qing Dynasty Based on the Inscription on the Construction of Public Welfare Undertakings

黔南州境内顺天桥、遇仙桥碑刻群中,有两通碑刻记载了清末贵州妇女参与地方公益事业建设的情况,是研究清末贵州妇女社会地位变化不可多得的史料。通过爬梳地方志书,有清一代贵州呈现了“女劳男逸”极为不公的社会分工。至清代中期,此种格局渐渐被打破,妇女开始尝试跻身公益事业等地方事务,这是对“女性权益”的一次微弱呼吁。时至清末,妇女对实现自身权益的呼吁更加强烈,她们独立于男子独自参与或主持地方事务,可以说,此时贵州妇女的社会地位相较前中期而言,已有了本质上的提升,同“女劳男逸”的劳苦妇女形象形成鲜明对比。

Among the inscriptions of Shuntian Bridge and Yuxian Bridge in Qiannan Prefecture,there are two inscriptions recording the participation of Guizhou women in the construction of local public welfare undertakings at the end of the Qing Dynasty,which are rare historical materials for studying the changes of Guizhou women’s social status for that period.By combing the local chronicles,the documents shows that in the early Qing Dynasty Guizhou presented an extremely unfair social division of labor of women and men.By the middle of the Qing Dynasty,this pattern was gradually broken,and women began to try to participate in local affairs such as public welfare undertakings,which was a weak call for"women’s rights".By the late of the Qing Dynasty,women’s appeal for the realization of their rights and interests was more intensive for they have participated in or presided over local affairs independently of men.It can be said that at this time,the social status of women in Guizhou has been substantially improved compared with that in the early and middle periods,which is in sharp contrast with the image of working women who are"women working and men living in ease".