罕山国家级自然保护区主要森林群落野生药用植物资源的调查与研究

Investigation and Study on Wild Medicinal Plant Resources in Main Forest Communities in Hanshan National Nature Reserve

为了解罕山国家级自然保护区主要森林群落下野生药用植物资源种类构成及其药用部位,在对罕山国家级自然保护区进行实地踏查的基础上,选择白桦(Betula platyphylla)群落、黒桦(B.dalurica)群落、山杨(Populus davidiana)群落和蒙椴(Tilia mongolice)群落下野生药用植物进行野外调查。结果表明:罕山国家级自然保护区主要森林群落下野生药用植物共计110种,隶属37科89属,其中草本药用植物为86种,隶属28科74属,木本药用植物24种,隶属14科17属;主要森林群落野生药用植物单种科有16科,寡种科有16科,共42种,中等科有4科,共28种,大科有1科,为菊科,共24种;单种属最多,为75属,所含种数为75种,其次是寡种属,有13属,所含种数为28种,中等属只有1个,为蒿属,种数为7种;野生药用植物依据药用部位,可依次划分为9类:全草类、根类、根茎类、叶类、果实类、花类、皮类、种子类、茎类。全草类和根类药用植物较多,分别占野生药用植物总种数的51.82%和38.18%;根茎类、叶类、果实类、花类、皮类、种子类、茎类药用植物较少,分别占野生药用植物总种数的12.73%、10.91%、9.09%、7.27%、6.36%、6.36%和4.55%。最后针对现状提出了意见和建议,以期推动中药材可持续发展。

Wild medicinal plant resources in Betula platyphylla community,B.dalurica community,Populus davidiana community and Tilia mongolice community were selected as research objects based on a field survey,in order to study the species composition and the medicinal parts of wild medicinal plant resources in Hanshan Natural Nature Reserve.The results showed that the total number of wild medicinal plants in the main forest communities of the Hanshan Natural Nature Reserve was 110 species,belonging to 89 genera in 37 families.Among them,there were 86 species of herbal medicinal plants,belonging to 74 genera in 28 families,and there were 24 species of woody medicinal plants,belonging to 17 genera in 14 families.There were 16 monotypic families of wild medicinal plants in the main forest communities,and 16 oligotypic families including 42 species.There were 4 medium species families including 28 species.There was only 1 largest species family,which was Compositae,with 24 species in total.The number of the monotypic genus was the largest,there were 75 genera including 75 species.Oligotypic genus had the second largest number,there were 13 genera including 28 species.There was only one medium species genus,which was Artemisia,including 7 species.According to the medicinal parts,wild medicinal plants could be divided into 9 classes:whole grasses,roots,rhizomes,leaves,fruits,flowers,barks,seeds and stems.There were more medicinal plants belonging to the classes of whole grasses and roots,accounting for 51.82%and 38.18%respectively of the total species of wild medicinal plants.The medicinal plants belonged to the classes of rhizomes,leaves,fruits,flowers,barks,seeds and stems were fewer,accounting for 12.73%,10.91%,9.09%,7.27%,6.36%,6.36%and 4.55%respectively of the total wild medicinal plants.Finally,some suggestions were put forward to promote the sustainable development of traditional Chinese medicine.