外源钾对盐胁迫下植物生长和生理特征影响的研究进展

Effects of Exogenous Potassium on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Plants Under Salt Stress:A Review

钾离子参与植物多个生理代谢过程,能不同程度地缓解植物受到的盐胁迫,促进植物生长发育。为了全面了解外源钾对盐胁迫下植物生长的影响,本研究归纳了盐胁迫对植物生长代谢的影响,钾在植物体内的生理作用以及外源钾对盐胁迫下植物生长生理特征的影响;分析了钾对盐胁迫下植物的生长发育、光合荧光特性、渗透物质及抗氧化酶活性、体内水分状况及离子分布的影响。针对当前钾离子缓解植物盐胁迫的分子机制及应用研究较少的问题,建议在今后的研究着重从以下两方面开展:(1)明确盐胁迫下植物体内钾离子转运机制、信号转导和相关基因的调控表达;(2)开展盐碱地肥料长期定位研究并研发可以提高植物耐盐性的新型钾肥。通过以上研究的开展,可为今后利用钾提高植物耐盐性以及盐渍土壤的改良提供解决方案。

Potassium ion is involved in many physiological metabolic processes of plants,and can alleviate the salt stress of plants to varying degrees and promote plant growth and development.In order to fully understand the effects of exogenous potassium on plant growth under salt stress,this study summarized the effects of salt stress on plant growth and metabolism,the physiological role of potassium in plants,and the effect of exogenous potassium on the physiological characteristics of plant growth under salt stress.The study also analyzed the effects of potassium on growth and development,photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics,osmotic substances,antioxidant enzyme activities,water status,and ion distribution in plants under salt stress.Considering the lack of research on the molecular mechanism of potassium ion in alleviating salt stress in plants and its application,we suggested that future studies should focus on the two following aspects:(1)to identify the regulation and expression of potassium ion transport mechanism,signal transduction,and related genes in plants under salt stress;(2)to carry out long-term fertilizer positioning experiment and develop new potassium fertilizers that can improve salt tolerance in plants.In summary,the study can provide a solution for plant salt tolerance enhancement and saline soil improvement by using potassium in the future.