江汉平原气候条件下小麦适宜播量研究

The Appropriate Sowing Rate of Wheat Under the Climate Conditions of Jianghan Plain

江汉平原秋季雨水多,小麦常无法适期播种,为弥补迟播对小麦产量的影响,盲目增加播种量而引起后期倒伏、小麦产量不增反减的现象时有发生。通过2年田间试验,研究不同播量对小麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响,探明不同气候条件下江汉平原小麦适宜播量,以期为该区小麦高产高效栽培技术提供理论依据。于2018—2019年极端气候年份和2019—2020年正常气候年份,在江汉平原麦区的武汉布置小麦播量田间试验。试验采用三因素再裂区设计,主区因素为品种,设‘鄂麦580’、‘鄂麦170’和‘郑麦9023’3个小麦品种;副区因素为肥料,设施氮(150 kg/hm^(2))和不施氮2种处理;裂区因素为播量,设75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2)处理。结果表明,极端和正常气候年份‘鄂麦580’的籽粒产量及氮肥吸收利用率分别在播量225 kg/hm^(2)和150 kg/hm^(2)时最高,而‘鄂麦170’和‘郑麦9023’2个年度籽粒产量和氮肥吸收利用率均在播量为225 kg/hm^(2)时表现良好,但正常气候年份小麦籽粒产量及氮肥利用率明显高于极端气候年份;用一元二次方程拟合产量与播量的关系,可得‘鄂麦580’、‘鄂麦170’、‘郑麦9023’在极端气候年份的最佳播量分别为239.9、242.5、218.5 kg/hm^(2);在正常气候年份的最佳播量分别为159.2、253.3、235.1 kg/hm^(2)。综合考虑籽粒产量和氮肥利用率,正常气候年份,江汉平原种植‘鄂麦170’和‘郑麦9023’适宜播量为225~255 kg/hm^(2),‘鄂麦580’的适宜播量为150~170 kg/hm^(2);极端气候年份‘鄂麦170’和‘郑麦9023’适宜播量为215~245 kg/hm^(2)‘,鄂麦580’的适宜播量为225~240 kg/hm^(2)。

In Jianghan Plain,there is a lot of rain in autumn,and wheat often cannot be sown at the right time.In order to make up for the impact of late sowing on wheat yield,blindly increasing the sowing rate is common in the area,which can cause late lodging and wheat yield decrease rather than increase.Through a two-year field experiment,the effects of different sowing rates on wheat yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization were studied,and the suitable sowing rates of wheat in Jianghan Plain under different climatic conditions were explored,in order to provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency wheat cultivation in this area.In the extreme climate years from 2018 to 2019 and the normal climate years from 2019 to 2020,a field trial of wheat sowing was arranged in Wuhan,the wheat production area of the Jianghan Plain.The experiment adopted a three-factor resplitting area design.The main area factor was the variety:‘Emai 580’,‘Emai 170’and‘Zhengmai 9023’were three wheat varieties.The sub-area factor was fertilizer:nitrogen application(150 kg/hm^(2))and no nitrogen application were set.The split plot factor was the sowing rate:treatments of 75,150,225 and 300 kg/hm^(2) were set.The results showed that the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of‘Emai 580’in extreme and normal climate years were the highest when the sowing rate was 225 kg/hm^(2) and 150 kg/hm^(2),respectively.The grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of‘Emai 170’and‘Zhengmai 9023’both performed well when the sowing rate was 225 kg/hm^(2),but the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in normal climate years were significantly higher than those in extreme climate years.The quadratic equation was used to fit the relationship between yield and the sowing rate,the optimum sowing rate of‘Emai 580’,‘Emai 170’,and‘Zhengmai 9023’in extreme climate years was 239.9,242.5 and 218.5 kg/hm^(2),respectively;the optimum sowing rate in normal climate years was 159.2,253.3 and 235.1kg/hm^(2),respectively.Considering the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency comprehensively,the suitable sowing rate of‘Emai 170’and‘Zhengmai 9023’in Jianghan Plain is 225-255 kg/hm^(2),and that of‘Emai 580’is 150-170 kg/hm^(2) in normal climate years.In extreme climate years,the suitable sowing rate of‘Emai 170’and‘Zhengmai 9023’is 215-245 kg/hm^(2),and that of‘Emai 580’is 225-240 kg/hm^(2).