新沂水蜜桃有机肥配合化肥减施的效果研究

Application Effect of Organic Fertilizer Combined with Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Xinyi Honey Peach

在新沂水蜜桃主产区2种代表性土壤上进行有机肥配合化肥减施试验,以探寻适宜当地的有机肥替代化肥技术参数。设置不施肥NF、常规施肥CK以及有机肥处理OF-N、OF-P、OF-K、OF-NP、OFPK、OF-NK、OF-NPK(分别代表施入有机肥的同时减施化肥养分氮、磷、钾、氮磷、磷钾、氮钾、氮磷钾)。OF-N对商品果产量影响小,OF-P和OF-K可增加5.1%~6.8%和6.1%~9.6%商品果产量,OF-NP和OFNPK分别减少0.8%~7.6%和3.9%~15.0%商品果产量。各有机肥处理均不同程度增加了土壤pH和有机质含量,配合减施化肥氮土壤速效氮明显下降至较低值,配合减施化肥钾有效削减土壤过剩速效钾,配合减施化肥磷土壤速效磷也有所下降。另外,各有机肥处理均不同程度上增加了可溶性糖和维生素C含量,配合减化肥氮处理可减少果实硝酸盐含量。OF-P和OF-K可同时增加净效益、产投比和肥料农学效率,而OF-N、OF-NP和OF-NPK同时降低了净效益和产投比。因此,新沂水蜜桃适宜推广有机肥替代化肥技术,有利于改善土壤酸碱度和有机碳库,增加商品果产量和改善果实品质,适宜主要减施化肥磷钾而适度减施化肥氮。

Field experiments were carried out on two representative soils to study the application effect of organic fertilizer combined with different chemical fertilizers’reduction in the main production area of honey peach in Xinyi.The following treatments were set:no fertilization(NF),conventional fertilization(CK),and organic fertilizer treatments.OF-N,OF-P,OF-K,OF-NP,OF-PK,OF-NK and OF-NPK represented the reduction of chemical fertilizer N,P,K,NP,PK,NK and NPK on the basis of organic fertilizer application,respectively.OF-N had little effect on the commercial fruit yield.OF-P and OF-K increased the yield by 5.1%-6.8%and 6.1%-9.6%,respectively,while OF-NP and OF-NPK decreased the yield by 0.8%-7.6%and 3.9%-15.0%,respectively.All organic fertilizer treatments increased soil pH and organic matter content to varying degrees.Reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly decreased the soil available nitrogen to a lower value,reducing the application of potassium fertilizer effectively decreased the excess available potassium,and reducing the application of phosphorus fertilizer also decreased available phosphorus.In addition,all organic fertilizer treatments increased the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C to varying degrees,and reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer decreased the nitrate content of fruit.OF-P and OFK increased net benefit,output/input ratio,and fertilizer agronomic efficiency,while OF-N,OF-NP and OFNPK decreased net benefit and output/input ratio.Therefore,organic fertilizer substituting chemical fertilizers in Xinyi honey peach cultivation is conducive to alleviating soil acidification,increasing soil organic carbon pool,improving fruit quality,and increasing commercial fruit yield.It is appropriate for mainly reducing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and moderately reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer.