煤矿复垦区不同植被对土壤可培养微生物多样性和理化性质的影响

Culturable Microorganism Diversity and Physicochemical Properties of Soil in the Reclamation Area of Coal Mine Wasteland

为评价不同植被对煤矿废弃地复垦区土壤生态修复的效果,利用传统方法分析复垦区域的桃树林、荒地、杉树林、李树林和绿肥等植被对土壤可培养微生物多样性和理化性质的研究。结果表明:(1)不同植被土壤理化性质存在极显著差异,该区域全磷极丰富,速效氮、全钾和有机质缺乏,速效磷为中等,土壤为酸性,pH<5.8。(2)该区域三大微生物中,细菌的百分占比为87.58%~99.57%,为各植被下的优势菌落,且各植被下占比差距较小,真菌和放线菌的百分占比差距较大,绿肥B/F值和三大微生物总数均最大。(3)该区域可培养功能微生物数量最多的是氨化细菌、铁细菌和固氮菌,但不同植被数量存在极显著差异,且各植被下的优势功能微生物桃树林为铁细菌和固氮菌,荒地为铁细菌,杉树林为氨化细菌和铁细菌,李树林为氨化细菌和固氮菌,绿肥为氨化细菌。杉树林和绿肥可培养功能微生物的总数分别为桃树林的4.50倍和3.48倍。(4)不同种植模式下,三大微生物多样性杉树林较高为0.71;部分可培养功能微生物多样性指数荒地较高为1.52;氨化细菌受土壤理化性质的影响最大,其次为无机磷细菌和有机磷细菌。本研究发现该区域下不同植被下的优势功能微生物主要为氨化细菌、铁细菌和固氮菌,可为煤矿复垦土壤修复提供一定的参考。

To evaluate the effect of different vegetation on soil ecological restoration in coal mine wasteland reclamation area,this paper used traditional methods to study soil microbial diversity and physicochemical properties of peach forest,wasteland,cedar forest,plum forest and green manure vegetation in reclamation area.The results are as follows.(1)The soil physicochemical properties of different vegetation were significantly different.The area was extremely rich in total phosphorus,lack in available nitrogen,total potassium and organic matter,and with medium level of available phosphorus and pH<5.8.(2)Among the three major microorganisms in this area,the proportion of bacteria was 87.58%-99.57%,which was the dominant colony under various vegetation,and there was a small difference under different vegetation;the proportions of fungi and actinomycetes had large difference,and the B/F value and the total number of the three major microorganisms of green manure vegetation were the largest.(3)The most culturable functional microorganisms in this area were ammoniated bacteria,iron bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria,but there were significant differences of the amount of bacteria among different vegetation,and the dominant functional microorganisms under different vegetation were different,such as iron bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in peach forest,iron bacteria in wasteland,ammoniated bacteria and iron bacteria in cedar forest,ammoniated bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in plum forest,and ammoniated bacteria in green manure vegetation.The total number of culturable functional bacteria in cedar forest and green manure vegetation was 4.50 times and 3.48 times that of peach forest,respectively.(4)Under different vegetation types,the diversity of the three major microorganisms was higher in cedar forest,which was 0.71;the diversity index of some culturable functional bacteria was higher in wasteland,which was 1.52;ammoniated bacteria were mostly affected by soil physicochemical properties,followed by inorganic phosphorus bacteria and organic phosphorus bacteria.This study found that the dominant functional microorganisms under different vegetation in this area were ammoniated bacteria,iron bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria,and could provide some reference for the restoration of coal mine reclaimed soil.