大蒜秸秆提取工艺响应面法优化及粗提物杀螨毒力测定

Optimization of Extraction Process of Garlic Straw by Response Surface Method and Determination of Acaricidal Toxicity of the Crude Extract

为加强对农田废弃物大蒜秸秆的综合利用,应用不同有机溶剂对大蒜秸秆进行粗提,不同溶剂的提取效果评价及对提取液进行杀螨活性测定。以提取温度、时间、次数、料液比为影响因素,大蒜秸秆粗提物的质量为结果指标进行单因素试验并采用响应面法对提取工艺进行优化。结果显示以95%乙醇作为提取剂的粗提物质量为3.54 g,比丙酮、乙酸乙酯、正己烷、石油醚、乙醚提取剂的效果更好,大蒜秸秆提取物具有杀螨活性。由响应面分析得到最佳提取温度为33℃,提取时间为50 min,提取次数为5次,料液比为1:10,由最佳工艺得到的粗提物溶出量为3.68 g。以二斑叶螨和山楂叶螨供试昆虫,进行室内毒力测定,结果显示对二斑叶螨的LC50为5.9403 g/L,对山楂叶螨的LC50为5.1001 g/L,经过提取工艺优化的大蒜秸秆粗提物表现出良好的杀螨活性。为农田废弃物大蒜秸杆的综合利用提供了参考和借鉴。

In order to strengthen the comprehensive utilization of farmland waste garlic straw,application of different organic solvents for the crude extraction of garlic straw,evaluation of the extraction effect of different solvents,and the acaricidal activity of the extracts were determined.Taking the extraction temperature,time,extraction frequency,and solid-liquid ratio as the influencing factors and the quality of crude extract of garlic straw as the result index,the single factor test was carried out,and the extraction process was optimized by response surface method.The results indicated that the mass of crude extract was 3.54 g when 95%ethanol was used as the extraction solvent,which showed a better effect than acetone,ethyl acetate,n-hexane,petroleum ether,and ether.The garlic straw extract had acaricidal activity.The optimal extraction condition was:extraction temperature of 33℃,extraction time of 50 min,extraction frequency of 5 times,solid-liquid ratio of 10:1,and the dissolution amount of crude extract obtained by the optimal extraction condition was 3.68 g.The indoor toxicity test on Tetranychus urticae Koch and Tetranychus viennensis Zacher was conducted.The results showed that the LC50 of Tetranychus urticae was 5.9403 g/L and that of Tetranychus viennensis was 5.1001 g/L.The crude extract of garlic straw extracted by the optimized process showed good acaricidal activity.This paper will provide certain reference for the comprehensive utilization of farmland waste garlic straw.