能见度降低条件下楼梯上行疏散实验研究

Experimental study on upward evacuation of stairs in reduced visibility conditions

为探究地下公共建筑能见度降低场景中,个体及小群体楼梯上行疏散特征,在某公共建筑楼梯间进行个体疏散和小群体疏散实验,分析不同能见度条件下个体在梯段及平台上的疏散速度、疏散行为、小群体特征等关键参数。研究结果表明:梯段速度受能见度影响程度大于平台速度,在正常能见度条件下,小群体行为会对疏散移动速度产生负面影响,在低能见度条件下,小群体行为有助于提升疏散效率,表现在小群体平均速度高于群体中最慢个体速度且小群体和个体之间的速度差异较小。

To investigate the characteristics of individual and small group evacuation through upward stairs under the reduced visibility scenario in the public underground building,the individual evacuation and small group evacuation experiments were carried out on the subjects in a public building stairwell,and the key parameters such as evacuation speed,evacuation behaviour and small group characteristics of subjects at the stair sections and platforms under different visibility conditions were analyzed.The results showed that the speed at the stair section was affected by visibility to a greater extent than that at the platform.Under the normal visibility conditions,the behaviour of small group had negative impact on the evacuation movement speed.Under the low visibility conditions,the behaviour of small group helped to improve the evacuation efficiency,as shown by the fact that the average speed of small group was higher than the speed of the slowest individual in the group and the difference in speed between small group and individuals was small.