不同氮磷钾水平对夏大豆产量与品质的影响

Effects of Different N,P,K Levels on Yield and Quality of Summer Soybean

为明确河北地区不同氮磷钾水平对夏大豆产量与品质的影响,以大豆品种冀豆17为供试材料,在河北省农林科学院大河试验站设置不同的氮磷钾用量水平田间试验,分析不同氮磷钾水平对夏大豆收获期土壤养分含量、产量及其构成要素和品质的影响。结果表明:收获期0~20 cm土层速效氮、磷、钾含量分别为7.55~9.62 mg·kg^(-1)、14.0~27.2 mg·kg^(-1)、139~218 mg·kg^(-1);与缺素处理相比,施氮、磷、钾使0~20 cm土层硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾分别增加16.8%~25.2%、34.3%~93.6%、18.7%~62.6%。土壤速效氮含量较低时,施氮使大豆单株有效荚数、单株粒数和产量显著增加,增幅分别为15.6%~43.8%、13.7%~42.8%和12.2%~29.4%,且大豆产量与施氮量(0~195 kg·hm^(-2))显著正相关;施氮使大豆籽粒蛋白质含量增加1.31%~3.39%、脂肪含量降低2.55%~3.40%,大豆籽粒蛋白质含量随着施氮量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势。土壤速效磷、钾含量处于中等及以上水平时,施磷和钾使大豆单株有效荚数、单株粒数、产量分别增加7.57%~10.3%、2.70%~6.31%、1.56%~4.34%和1.06%~1.69%、1.83%~7.34%、6.03%~6.81%,大豆产量随着施磷量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势;施磷、钾对大豆籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量无显著影响。

With soybean variety Jidou 17 as the experimental material, the field experiment was conducted at Dahe Experimental Station of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences to analyze the effects of different N,P,K levels on soil nutrient content, yield, components of soybean yield and quality during summer soybean harvest, so as to determine the effects of different N,P,K levels on the yield and quality of summer soybean in Hebei. The results showed that: During the harvest period, the contents of available N, P and K in 0-20 cm soil layer were 7.55-9.62 mg·kg^(-1), 14.0-27.2 mg·kg^(-1)and 139-218 mg·kg^(-1)respectively. Compared with no fertilization treatment, N, P and K application increased nitrate-N, available P and available K in 0-20 cm soil layers by 16.8%-25.2%, 34.3%-93.6% and 18.7%-62.6% respectively. When the soil available N content was low, N application significantly increased the effective pods number per plant, seeds number per plant and soybean yield by 15.6%-43.8%, 13.7%-42.8% and 12.2%-29.4% respectively, and soybean yield was significantly positively correlated with N application(0-195 kg·hm^(-2)). N application increased the protein content of soybean seeds by 1.31%-3.39%, and decreased the fat content by 2.55%-3.40%. With the increase of N application rate, the protein content of soybean seeds increased firstly and then decreased. When the content of available P and K in soil was at medium or above level, the number of effective pods number per plant, seeds number per plant and yield of soybean increased by 7.57%-10.3%, 2.70%-6.31%, 1.56%-4.34% and 1.06%-1.69%, 1.83%-7.34%, 6.03%-6.81% respectively with P and K application. The soybean yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of P application, P and K application had no significant effect on protein and fat content of soybean seeds.