俄罗斯劳动教育的发展历程、特色和经验

Development Course,Practice Characteristic and Experience of Labor Education in Russia

劳动教育是俄罗斯培养全面发展的人的重要方式之一。俄罗斯劳动教育历史悠久且经验丰富。在宏观管理上,俄罗斯政府出台相关法律文件,保障劳动教育的实施与开展;在标准制定上注重各阶段衔接;在实际推行上与市场需求相结合;在意识形态上强调育德树人健全品格;在传承上促进社会可持续发展;在结果预期上成就人生并有利于社会。俄罗斯劳动教育体现出跨学科、开放性、多元性、多维度的特点,注重培育学生劳动精神,促进学生形成劳动习惯,掌握劳动技能,崇尚劳动,在劳动中实现自我并服务社会,让劳动成为学生生活习惯与自我价值的体现。

Labor education is one of the important ways to cultivate all-round development.Russian labor education has a long history and rich experience.In terms of macro management,the Russian government has issued relevant legal documents to ensure the implementation and development of labor education;in terms of standard formulation,it pays attention to stratification and the connection of each stage;in actual implementation,it follows the principle of combining with market demand;in ideology,it emphasizes on cultivating morality and cultivating people’s sound character;in terms of inheritance and development,it promotes sustainable social development;In terms of expected results,it achieves life and is beneficial to society.Russian labor education embodies the characteristics of interdisciplinary,openness,diversity,and multi-dimensionality.It strives to cultivate students’labor spirit,promote students to form labor habits,master labor skills,advocate labor,realize themselves and serve the society in work,and make labor become the embodiment of students’living habits and self-value.