汉语语气词记音字字形与字音之间的互动关系探究--以聊斋俚曲为例

On the Interactive Relationship between the Character Pattern and the Sound of Chinese Modal Particles--Take Liaozhai Folk Play as an Example

在汉语中,语气词是除句调之外表达语气的重要手段,与语音的关系极为密切。语气词表音的灵活性和记音字的随意性,使得语气词记音字的字音与字形之间呈现出较为复杂的关系。以聊斋俚曲为例,并辅以同时代的其他语料,描述汉语语气词的字音、字形在近代汉语时期的基本面貌。此期语气词的字音、字形之间主要表现为三种关系:一是同一字形记录了同一语气词的不同发展阶段,二是同一字形记录了不同来源的语气词,三是不同字形记录了同一语气词形式。系统考察汉语语气词的字音、字形之间的关系,对深入了解语气词的特质、语气词的发展演变等都具有重要意义。

Chinese modal particle is an important mean to express mood in addition to intonation,which is closely related to pronunciation.The flexibility of modal particles to indicate the sound and the random character to record the sound will lead to a more complex relationship between the shape and the sound of modal particles.Taking Liaozhai Folk Play as an example,supplemented by other contemporary corpus,this paper describes the basic appearance of the pronunciation and form of Chinese modal particles in modern Chinese.In this period,there are mainly three types of relationships between the pronunciation and shape of the modal particles:one is that the same shape records the different stages of development of the same modal particle,the other is that the same shape records the modal particles from different sources,and the third is that the different shapes record the same modal particle form.A systematic study of the relationship between the pronunciation and character pattern of Chinese modal particles is of great significance for in-depth understanding of the characteristics of modal particles,the development and evolution of modal particles,and other issues.