中古汉语语气词的文体差异研究

A Study on Stylistic Differences of Modal Particles in Middle Chinese

汉语语气词作为语气的重要表达手段,在不同时期不同文体的书面语使用中会呈现出不同的特质。中古汉语作为汉语历时发展中的一个重要阶段,其语气词在不同文体中的使用差异主要表现为:议论体文献使用语气词的种类丰富,涉及的语气类型多样;疑问句末多使用语气词,反诘问句末常带语气词“乎”;感叹句末多用语气词“哉”。记事体文献主要使用陈述语气词,而很少使用疑问语气词,其语气词的功能相对单一,语气类型也不够丰富。记言体文献对话性强,语气词的使用频率较低,疑问句类型中的特指问句以不带语气词为常。

As an important means of expression of tone,Chinese modal particles will show different characteristics in the use of written language in different styles at different times.As an important stage in the development of Chinese over time,the differences in the use of modal particles in different styles of Middle Chinese are mainly manifested in:the variety of modal particles used in argumentative literature is rich,and the types of modal particles involved are diverse;Modal particles are often used at the end of interrogative sentences,and the modal particles“hu(乎)”is often used at the end of cross-examination sentences;At the end of the exclamation sentence,the modal particles“zai(哉)”is often used.The narrative literature focuses on the use of declarative modal particles,less interrogative modal particles,and the types of modal particles and modal particles involved are relatively single.The opinion record literature is high conversation and the frequency of use of modal particles is low;The specific reference in the interrogative sentence type is that the question sentence is often without modal particles.