从“精神分析”到“具身认知”:元宇宙对心理学史的整合

From“psychoanalysis”to“embodied cognition”:The integration of metaverse to the history of psychology

元宇宙已经成为国内外研究的热点话题。近两年以元宇宙为主题发表的文献量呈爆发式增长。文章将元宇宙定义为满足人类精神需要的技术集成统一体。但诸多技术的集成统一缺乏理论支撑。心理学是研究人类心理现象的科学,但心理学中一直存在着“分裂”与“整合”的冲突。其分裂的本质是:心理学仍不是一门范式学科。反观心理学发展的历史进程,心理学发展离不开研究工具的进步,研究工具的进步以技术发展为基础。元宇宙为这种技术统一提供了可能性。本文旨在从理论与技术结合的角度出发,论述心理学四个具有极强影响力的流派——精神分析、行为主义、人本主义、认知心理学——与元宇宙结合可行性;并且,文章认为未来元宇宙的发展将会与具身认知密切相关。

Metaverse has become a hot topic for researchers at home and abroad.In the past two years,the number of literatures published on the theme of meta-universe has increased explosively.We define metaverse as a technological integration entity that meets the needs of human spirit.However,the integration of many technologies is lack of theoretical support.Psychology is a science that studies human psychological phenomena,but there has always been a conflict between“division”and“integration”in psychology.The essence of its division is that psychology is still not a paradigm discipline.Looking back at the historical process of the development of psychology,the development of psychology is inseparable from the progress of research tools,which is based on the development of technology.Metaverse provides the possibility for the unification of this technology.From the point of view of the combination of theory and technology,this paper aims to discuss the feasibility of combining four influential schools of psychology-psychoanalysis,behaviorism,humanism,cognitive psychology-with metaverse,and the article holds that the future development of metaverse will be closely related to embodied cognition.