生成语法和构式语法互洽之可能——以词汇—构式语用学视域的反义歧义分析为例

Mutual Adaptability Between Generative Grammarand Construction Grammar:Analysis of Counter-Sense Ambiguityfrom Lexico-Constructional Pragmatics

尝试从形式派的转换生成语法和功能派的构式语法这两个不同角度例析反义歧义现象,发现各自解释之缺憾并指出两派在分析中表现出学理和运作的相通性,而且都需要语用干涉才能更好地呈现诸如反义歧义句之深层歧义发生机制及解读程序。认为生成学派和认知学派解释句子的视角和方法各有千秋,若能联袂互助则可望为“欠规则”的现代汉语句子的理解提供新方法,而打通音、形、义、效关系的“词汇—构式语用学”便是两派互洽的契机。在该模式下,形式派和功能派对汉语(及其他语言)反义歧义句及更多类型语句或构式的生成和解读进行解释,分则互补互利,合则包容互洽,既保留了各派的核心优势,又有语用干涉,可望抵达更具解释力的语言学路径。

By an exemplar analysis from the perspectives of Transformational-Generative Grammar(formalism)and Construction Grammar(functionalism)we discover that albeit with different theoretical shortcomings,the two approaches,in analyzing counter-sense ambiguity(CSA),enjoy theoretical and operational compatibility and alikeness.They are both in need of pragmatic interference in dealing with the mechanism of generation and process of interpretation of such profound ambiguity issues as CSA.It is argued that although the generative approach and the cognitive approach are at home with their own perspectives and methods in sentential processing,their joining hands will provide a new method to understand modern Chinese sentences,esp.difficult ones.Lexico-Constructional Pragmatics,which builds up connections among sound,form,meaning and effect,creates the very opportunity for reciprocal adaptation of the two approaches.In light of Lexico-Constructional Pragmatics,the formal and functional approach,in isolation,can supplement and benefit each other,whilst united,they accommodate each other,preserving the advantages of each in the pragma-interference analysis,in order to arrive at greater plausibility in interpretation of generation and understanding of Chinese CSA,let alone more common sentences or constructions in Chinese and other languages.