机车车辆材料应用现状和发展趋势

Application status and development trend of rolling stock materials

机车车辆是目前连接我国各个地域,实现人口和货物高效流动的重要交通工具,作为综合交通运输体系的骨干,关乎着我国的国民经济和民生水平,是我国实现可持续发展的重要基石。《新时代交通强国铁路先行规划纲要》明确指出优化列车服役性能,实现更高效的运输服务是建设现代化铁路的重要指标。这也使得对机车车辆材料的选择愈发严苛,基于列车车辆安全性、舒适性、运行速度以及装备轻量化的多重要求,新型材料的研发和设计已成为我国机车车辆蓬勃发展的坚实基础。本文阐述了机车车辆用材料的应用现状,概述了国内外机车车辆的车体材料和转向架结构材料的发展趋势,分析了先进轻量化材料替代现有的机车车辆材料的可行性和应用前景。

At present,as an important means of transportation,rolling stock connects all regions of our country and realizes the efficient flow of population and goods.As the backbone of the comprehensive transportation system,it is related to the national economy and people's livelihood of our country,and is an important cornerstone to achieve sustainable development in our country.The Outline of Ad⁃vanced Planning for the Railway of a Transportation Powerful Country in the New Era clearly points out that optimizing the service performance of trains and achieving more efficient transport services are important indicators for building a modern railway.This also makes the selection of rolling stock mate⁃rials more rigorous.Based on the multiple requirements of safety,comfort,running speed and equip⁃ment lightweight of trains and vehicles,the development and design of new materials have become a solid foundation for the vigorous development of rolling stock in China.This paper describes the appli⁃cation status of materials for rolling stock,summarizes the development trend of body materials and bo⁃gie structural materials for rolling stock at home and abroad,and analyzes the feasibility and application prospects of advanced lightweight materials to replace existing materials for rolling stock.