类器官模型在肿瘤精准诊疗中的应用

The application of organoid models in cancer precision medicine

过去10年中,三维类器官技术得到了快速发展,目前已经可以从正常组织和恶性肿瘤组织中高效地建立类器官。患者来源的肿瘤类器官(patient-derived tumor-organoids,PDOs)可以很好地保留亲本肿瘤的生理病理学及遗传学特征,最大限度地保持肿瘤异质性。PDOs已被用于阐明关键的科学问题,包括感染病原体或遗传/表观遗传学改变与肿瘤发生之间的关系、耐药机制、预测患者对选定治疗方案的反应。随着类器官与肿瘤微环境的细胞成分共培养系统的建立,该技术现在也被应用于快速发展的免疫肿瘤学领域。本文综述了类器官技术在肿瘤精准医学领域的研究现状、应用及面临的挑战。

Three-dimensional organoid technology has remarkably improved with enhanced efficiency in developing organoids from both normal and malignant tissues of patients over the past decade.Patient-derived tumor organoids(PDOs)retain the physiopathological and genetic characteristics of the tumor while providing a high level of patient-specific tumor heterogeneity.PDOs shed light on crucial scientific topics,including the relationship between infectious pathogens or genetic/epigenetic alterations and tumorigenesis,the mechanism of drug resistance,and the prediction of the patient response to specific treatments.With the establishment of tumor organoids and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment,such as immune cell co-culture systems,this technique is now utilized in the rapidly growing field of immuno-oncology.This review discusses the current achievements,applications,and challenges of organoid technology in cancer preci-sion medicine.