大学生创业意向动态变化的影响因素与作用机制——基于计划行为理论视角的定量考察

The Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Dynamic Changes of College Students’Entrepreneurial Intention——Quantitative Investigation Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior

研究以计划行为理论为理论视角,基于H省754份应届大学毕业生问卷调查数据,探讨了大学生在读期间创业意向动态变化的基本情况、影响因素及其作用机制。研究发现,大学生在读期间创业意向水平整体不高,但呈现逐年升高的变化趋势。创业榜样、个性特质、创业态度和知觉行为控制直接影响大学生在读期间创业意向;创业政策、创业榜样和创业教育通过创业态度与知觉行为控制两个中介变量间接影响大学生创业意向;个性特质仅通过创业态度一个中介变量间接影响大学生创业意向。要提升大学生创业意向水平,政府应适当增加针对大学生创业失败的保障兜底政策条款并加强宣传执行,高校创业教育需从“专注成功单人唱戏”向“成败并举多人表演”转型,大学生个体亦应完善自身个性特质并提升自身创业能力。

Guided by the theory of planned behavior,based on the data obtained from 754 questionnaires of recent college graduates in H province,the study explored the basic situation,influencing factors and mechanism of dynamic changes of college students’entrepreneurial intentions during their studies.The study found that the overall level of the students’entrepreneurial intention was not high,but it showed a dynamic trend of increasing by years.Entrepreneurial role models,personality traits,entrepreneurial attitudes and perceived behavioral control directly influence the dynamics of entrepreneurial intentions.Among them,entrepreneurship policy,entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurship education exert indirect effects on the dynamics of entrepreneurial intentions through two mediating variables,that are entrepreneurial attitudes and perceived behavioral control.Moreover,personality traits only indirectly influence the dynamics of entrepreneurial intentions through one mediating variable,entrepreneurial attitude.Based on the findings,the study proposes a series of countermeasures,for example,the government should properly increase the provisions of the guarantee policy to tolerate the entrepreneurial failure of college students and strengthen the implementation of publicity,entrepreneurship education in colleges should be changed from“focusing on the success of one-man show”to“success and failure of multi-person performance”,and college students should improve their own personality traits and enhance their entrepreneurial abilities.