培养抑或使用:身份定位对博士后职业发展能力的影响——基于2020年Nature全球博士后调查数据的实证分析

Cultivation or Utilization:The Impact of Identity Positioning on the Career Development Ability of Postdocs——An Empirical Analysis Based on Data from Nature Postdoc Survey in 2020

“教师”与“学生”间的过渡身份定位,使“培养”与“使用”成为影响博士后个体成长与职业发展的重要过程性因素。研究采用2020年Nature全球博士后调查数据(N=7252),探讨身份定位对博士后职业发展能力的影响。研究发现:第一,我国(不含港澳台地区)博士后整体属于“低培养—高使用”的身份定位模式,且职业发展能力显著低于全球平均水平;第二,“培养”是影响博士后职业发展能力的内核因素,“使用”的限度决定其效用的发挥,“重使用轻培养”将不利于内隐性职业兴趣和自我效能感的长效发展;第三,女性、文科与工科、本土、具有非学术职业意向的博士后对职业发展能力的评价相对负面。鉴于此,研究认为应重申“培养”在博士后身份定位中的价值、在考核评价中秉承适度“使用”的制度取向、建立结构化和针对性的博士后职业支持与培养体系,为博士后的个体成长与职业发展提供良好的创新环境与制度空间。

The transitional identity between“teacher”and“student”makes“cultivation”and“utilization”become core process factors affecting postdocs’career development abilities.Using the data of Nature postdoc survey in 2020(N=7252),this study explores the impact of identity positioning on postdocs’career development ability.The main results are as follows:First,the identity of postdocs in China(excluding Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)can be represented as a model of“low cultivation-high utilization”,and their career development ability is significantly lower than the global average.Secondly,“cultivation”is the core factor that affects postdocs’career development ability,and the function of“utilization”is determined by its quota.The situation of“high utilization-low cultivation”may damage implicit career interests and self-efficacy at long-term growth.Thirdly,postdocs who are females,majoring in liberal arts and engineering,non-international,and those with non-academic career planning,have relatively lower career development abilities.In view of this,we suggest that the value of“cultivation”in postdoctoral identity positioning should be reiterated,the orientation of appropriate“utilization”should be performed in the assessment and evaluation,and a structured and targeted postdoctoral career support and cultivating system should be established,then a harmonious innovation environment and institutional space for postdocs’individual growth and career development is expected to be provided.