基于方位角测量的地面运动目标定位与精度分析

Ground Moving Target Locating and Accuracy Analysis Based on Azimuth Measurement

基于方位角测量的定位跟踪系统隐蔽性好,是反侦察、反干扰和实施突袭的有效手段。针对地面观测站对地面运动目标的定位需求,建立目标匀速及匀加速直线运动模型,为减小测角误差的影响,依据最小二乘估计准则推导目标定位算法。分析影响定位精度的主要因素,并从观测站数量、目标距离、角度测量误差等方面进行了仿真实验和数值分析,采用蒙特卡罗方法分析了定位误差的均值、标准差等指标。计算表明:在同等条件下,采用3~4个地面观测站即可获得较优的定位精度;定位误差及误差离散程度随着目标距离及角度测量误差的增大而变大。实验结果对于优化地面观测站参数配置、提高目标定位精度以及定量评估设备预期效果具有一定的借鉴意义。

With good concealment,the locating and tracking system based on azimuth measurement is an effective means of counter reconnaissance,anti-jamming and surprise attack.In view of the locating demand to ground moving target by ground observation stations,the target models of uniform and uniform-acceleration rectilinear motion are established.In order to reduce the influence of angle measurement error,the target locating algorithm is derived according to the least square estimation criterion.The main factors affecting the locating accuracy are analyzed,and the simulation experiments and numerical analysis are carried out from aspects of the number of observation stations,target distance and angle measurement error.The mean and standard deviation of locating error are analyzed by using Monte Carlo method.The calculation results show that under the same conditions,better locating accuracy can be obtained by using three to four ground observation stations.The locating error and error dispersion degree increase with the increase of target distance and angle measurement error.The experimental results have certain reference significance for optimizing the configuration of ground observation stations,improving the accuracy of target locating and evaluating the expected results of equipment quantitatively.