含油污泥处理技术研究进展

Research Progress on Treatment Technology of Oily Sludge

在石油生产加工过程中,会产生大量的含油污泥。含油污泥是一种固体乳化废弃物,通常由水、原油和固体颗粒物组成。由于其含有大量的环烷烃、苯系物、多环芳烃和其他有毒有害物质,未经处理会严重危害周围环境和人类健康。如何有效地处理含油污泥成为国内外研究人员关注的焦点。通过调研,从纯环保的角度,综述了焚烧、固化、氧化处理和生物处理等无害化处理技术;从原油回收的角度,综述了萃取、热解、超声波和热化学清洗等资源化回收技术,主要目的是通过讨论这些处理技术,总结它们各自的优缺点和作用机制,为国内外含油污泥新型处理技术的开发和应用提供参考。

Large amounts of oily sludge will be produced during the process of crude oil production and processing.Oily sludge is a kind of solid emulsified waste generally composed of water,crude oil and solid particulate matter.Because it contains large amounts of cycloalkanes,benzene series,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and other toxic and harmful substances,it causes a serious damage to human health and the surrounding environment without treatment.How to effectively treat oily sludge is the focus of domestic and foreign researcher.Through literature research,the harmless treatment technologies such as incineration,solidification,oxidation and biological treatment are summarized from the perspective of environmental protection,as well as the resource recovery technologies such as extraction,pyrolysis,ultrasonic and thermochemical cleaning from the perspective of crude oil recovery.The main purpose of this review is to discuss the development of these technologies and to summarize their advantages,disadvantages and mechanisms of action,so as to provide reference for the development and application of new treatment technology at home and abroad.