不同运动水平足球运动员视觉搜索特征:Meta分析的系统评价

Visual Search Characteristics of Football Players at Different Sports Levels:A Systematic Review of Meta-analysis

目的:采用Meta分析定量评价运动水平对足球运动员行为指标与眼动指标的影响,为促进低水平运动员视觉搜索策略提供依据。方法:通过国内外大型数据库检索相关文献,按照纳入和排除标准进行文献筛选和数据提取,采用Stata15.1软件对数据进行异质性检验并绘制森林图,采用Egger’s进行定量发表检验并绘制漏斗图。结果:最终纳入11篇文献,包括230名研究对象,Meta分析结果表明高水平足球运动员反应时短于低水平运动员(SMD=-0.135,P<0.001),高水平运动员注视点较少(SMD=0.924,P=0.187),注视次数高水平运动员少于低水平运动员(SMD=-0.440, P=0.491),注视时间高水平运动员较低水平运动员长(SMD=-0.512,P=0.259)。结论:高水平足球运动员表现出更短的反应时,水平越高、经验越丰富的运动员反应时越短。高水平足球运动员与低水平足球运动员相比注视点较少并有选择性的注视支撑脚、摆动腿与脚触球等重点部位,注视次数少并集中在腿部、髋部与头部,注视动态刺激材料较静态材料注视次数更少,注视时间长但在高压状态下注视时间短。

Objective:The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effect of sports level on soccer players5 behavior indicators and eye movement indicators through meta-analysis,and to promote the visual search strategy of low-level athletes.Method:The relevant literature was searched from the databases of PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,CNKI and other database,evaluated the quality and extracted data according to the exclusion criteria.Heterogeneity test was performed on data using Statal5.1,and Forest Graph and Funnel Plot were drawn.Results:A total of 11 self-controlled studies(230 subjects)were included in the Meta-analysis.Compared with low-level football athletes,high-level player performance shorter response time(SMD=-0.135,P<0.001),less fixation points(SMD=0.924,P=0.187),less fixation number(SMD=-0.440,P=0.491)and longer fixation duration(SMD=-0.512,P=0.248).Conclusion:High-level soccer players showed short response time and the more skilled and experienced players showed shorter responses.Compared with the low-level soccer players,the high-level soccer players have fewer fixation points and focus selectively on the major parts,the less fixation number but concentrate on critical areas,the fixation number of the dynamic stimulus materials are less than that of the static materials.The fixation duration is longer but shorter under the high pressure condition.