正式制度与非正式制度影响农户林地流转的逻辑——基于5省1086户农户的实证分析

Formal and Informal Institutions:Impact Differences in Forest Land Circulation——Based on the Empirical Analysis of 1086 Farmers in 5 Provinces

【目的】探讨产权交易制度对农户林地流转行为的影响,考察不同区位农户林地流转行为的异质性,为推动林地流转市场规范运行、促进林地适度规模经营提供政策参考。【方法】首先,从正式制度的产权交易平台、非正式制度的民间流转中介和介于二者之间的村组干预3个层面出发,构建产权交易制度对农户林地流转行为影响的理论分析逻辑框架;然后,基于浙江、江西、福建、四川、湖南5省1086户农户调查数据,分析产权交易制度对不同区位农户林地流转行为的影响机理和分异特征。【结果】1)产权交易平台的建立和村组干预可显著提高林地流转市场的活跃程度,促进农户林地转入,增加林地转入面积,但产权交易平台的建立会在一定程度上抑制农户林地转出;民间流转中介在显著活跃林地流转市场的同时能够加快农户林地转出。2)产权交易制度对不同区位农户林地流转行为的影响存在异质性,产权交易平台的建立促进县城周边农户林地流转,民间流转中介的存在同时促进县城周边和远离县城农户转出林地,但对远离县城农户的影响程度大于县城周边农户;无论是县城周边农户还是远离县城农户的林地流转行为和林地流转面积均受村组干预不同程度的正向影响。【结论】要重视正式制度在促进林地规模经营中的转入效应,产权交易平台的建立和村组干预可为工商资本下乡从事林地规模经营提供林地基础,并进一步挖掘林地确权的红利;同时不可忽视非正式制度在促进林地转出中发挥的积极作用,特别在偏远地区的促进效果是正式制度无法替代的。现阶段,仍需进一步完善林业产权交易市场环境,加快建立有效的林地产权交易平台,不断规范民间流转中介的发展,充分发挥村组在促进林地流转中的积极作用,因地制宜引导农户科学有序流转林地。

【Objective】The formation of the property rights transaction system is essential for realizing forestry property rights transactions.Studying its influence on farmers’forest land circulation behavior is of great significance and value for promoting the standardized operation of the forest land circulation market and moderate-scale management of forest land.【Method】This study set out from three levels:the formal system of property rights trading platform,the informal system of non-governmental circulation intermediary,and the intervention of village cadres in between,and constructed an analysis framework of the impact of property rights trading system on farmers’forest land circulation.This paper investigated the influence mechanism and differentiation characteristics of the property rights transaction system on farmers’forest land transfer behavior under different location conditions by Probit and Tobit models from the survey data of farmers.【Result】1)From the point of view of circulation behavior and circulation scale,the establishment of property rights trading platform and village cadre intervention could significantly improve the activity of the forest land circulation market and,at the same time,could promote farmers’forest land transfer-in behavior and increase the transfer-in area.Still,establishing a property rights trading platform would inhibit farmers’forest land transfer-out.A non-governmental circulation intermediary could significantly activate the forest land circulation market,and at the same time,it could speed up the transfer-out of farmers’forest land.2)Regional heterogeneity influenced the property rights transaction system on forest land circulation.Establishing a property rights trading platform could activate the farmers’forest land circulation around the county.In contrast,the existence of non-governmental circulation intermediary could promote the farmers around or far away from the county to transfer out their forest land simultaneously.Still,the impact on farmers far away from the county was more significant than that around the county.Whether farmers are around or far away from the county seat,their forest land circulation behavior and the decision-making of the circulation scale were positively influenced by the intervention of village cadres to varying degrees.【Conclusion】Attention should be paid to the transfer-in effect of the formal system in forest land scale management.Establishing a property rights trading platform and the intervention of village cadres will provide forest land conditions for industrial and commercial capital to go to the countryside to engage in forest land scale management and further digging the dividends of forest land confirmation.At the same time,we can’t ignore the positive role played by the informal system in promoting forest land transfer-out,especially in remote areas.At present,it is still necessary to further improve the market environment of forestry property rights trading,speed up the establishment of an effective forest land trading platform,constantly standardize the development of non-governmental circulation intermediaries,give full play to the positive role of village cadres in promoting forest land circulation,and guide the scientific and orderly circulation of forest land according to local conditions.