文明进程中体育化浪潮的发生、现代性及当代思考

Waves of Sportization in the Civilizing Process:Occurrence,Modernity and Contemporary Reflections

从消遣活动到体育全球化是体育化浪潮迭代的结果,即体育化的进程。从“竞技”野蛮到“体育”文明,体育化的历史图像尚在演化,其进程并未止息。探究18世纪以来“文明的进程”中体育化进程,理清现代体育发生、形成及其全球化的源流脉络,旨在理性思考未来体育化浪潮的趋向及中国应对。研究认为,在18世纪的英国,消遣活动发生两次体育化转变为“现代体育”并进一步定型,继而伴随文明的进程进入全球体育化的欧式阶段(1870s—1920s)、美式阶段(1920s—1960s)以及全球式阶段(1960s—2008),并进一步向全世界输出、传播。正值“全球化与逆全球化两大思潮交锋期”,理性思考更为先进的体育化浪潮趋向及中国应对,即正视全球体育治理的“逆全球化”所带来的传统体育的隐忧;延伸体育现代化,开启数字时代电子竞技的“体育化”;重视体育“再全球化”构建人类命运共同体的中国倡议;全方位高质量发展助力中国式现代化体育强国建设。

The transition from pastime activities to sports globalization is the result of the iteration of the waves of sportization,that is,the process of sports.From sports“barbarism”to sports“civilization”,the historical image of sportization is still evolving,which process has not stopped.By exploring the process of sportization in the“civilizing process”since the 18th century,and by clarifying the origin,formation and globalization of modern sports,this research aims to make rational reflections on the tendency of future waves of sportization and China’s solutions.It suggests that in England in the 18th century pastime activities transformed into“modern sports”after two waves of sportization and came into being.And with the civilizing process,global sportization went through phases of Europeanisation(1870s—1920s),phase of Americanization(1920s—1960s)and phase of globalization(1960s—2008),and was further disseminated to the whole world.At a time of the ideological confrontation over globalization/anti-globalization,this research contemplates more advanced sportization tendency and China’s solutions,which include facing up to the impact on traditional sports brought about by“anti-globalization”of global sports governance;extending sports modernization,starting the“sportization”of e-sports in the digital age;attaching importance to the Chinese initiative of sports“re-globalization”to build a community with a shared future for mankind;promoting all-round high-quality development to help build a leading sports nation by following the Chinese path to modernization.