农民再创业的影响因素研究——兼论再创者与初创者的异同

A Research on the Influencing Factors of Farmers′Re-Entrepreneurship——A Concurrent Discussion of the Differences between First-time Entrepreneu and Re-entrepreneur

本文利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,以经历过创业失败的农民为主要研究对象,实证分析农民再创业的影响因素。研究发现:家庭压力大、有非金融借贷的农民更倾向于再创业,创业资本、认知能力、正规金融借贷与农民再创业之间关系不显著。进一步对比农民初创者与再创者之间的差异发现,偏好风险、受教育程度中低阶层的中青年农民成为再创业的主体,家庭生计压力成为再创业的主要动机;农民再创业类型呈现由生存型创业到机会型创业转变的趋势;农民再创业的资金来源仍旧主要依靠家庭或亲友而不是政策扶持或商业贷款,非正规金融借贷的作用不可忽视,互联网、电视与手机等数字设备成为获取信息的主要来源渠道。根据上述结论提出完善再创业扶持政策,发展正规与非正规金融借贷,开展创业培训平台等建议以提高农民再创业概率与成功率。

Using the data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to empirically analyze the influencing factors of migrant workers′re-employment by taking farmers who have experienced entrepreneurial failure as the main research object.The study found that farmers with high family pressure and non-financial borrowing were more inclined to start a new business,and there was no significant relationship between entrepreneurial capital,cognitive ability,formal financial borrowing and farmers′business start-up.A further comparison of the differences between peasant re-creators and start-ups found that middle-and low-level peasants with a preference for risk and education have become the main body of re-employment,and family livelihood pressure has become the main factors of re-employment motivation;the types of farmers′re-employment are presented.The trend of changing from necessity entrepreneurship to opportunity entrepreneurship;the source of funds for farmers′re-entrepreneurship still mainly relies on family or relatives and friends rather than policy support or commercial loans.The role of formal financial lending cannot be ignored,and the Internet,TV,mobile phones and other digital devices become the main source of information.To improve the probability and success rate of farmers′re-employment,put forward suggestions such as improving the support policies for re-employment,developing formal and informal financial loans and developing entrepreneurship training platforms.