护士资质过剩、心理契约破裂与情绪劳动相关性研究

Correlation Between Nurses’Overqualification,Psychological Contract Breach and Emotional Labor

目的调查护士人员资质过剩、心理契约破裂与情绪劳动的现状及其相关性,为管理者制订改善护士情绪劳动的措施提供参考。方法2022年5-6月,方便抽样法选取江苏省3所医院887名护士为研究对象,采用护士情绪劳动量表、护士心理契约调查问卷和资质过剩量表对其进行调查。结果护士情绪劳动、心理契约破裂、资质过剩总分依次为(50.50±10.09)、(46.82±14.04)、(23.10±6.09)分;资质过剩、心理契约破裂与情绪劳动中表层扮演、情绪表达要求呈正相关;资质过剩、心理契约破裂与情绪劳动中深层扮演呈负相关(均P<0.01)。心理契约破裂在资质过剩与表层扮演、情绪表达要求中起部分中介作用,效应值分别为0.158,0.129;在资质过剩与深层扮演中起完全中介作用,效应值为-0.119。结论护士情绪劳动处于中等偏上水平,情绪劳动与资质过剩、心理契约破裂呈正相关,管理者可从降低护士资质过剩和心理契约破裂的视角出发,制订有效策略改善护士情绪劳动能力,促进护理质量提升。

Objective To explore the status quo and correlation between nurses’overqualification,psychological contract breach and emotional labor,and to provide reference for administrators to develop measures to improve nurses’emotional labor.Methods A total of 887 nurses from 3 general hospitals in Jiangsu province were selected by the convenient sampling method from May to June 2022.Emotional labor scale,psychological contract questionnaire of nursing staff and perceived overqualification scale were used to for a survey.Results The total scores of emotional labor,psychological contract breach and overqualification were(50.50±10.09),(46.82±14.04)and(23.10±6.09)respectively.The overqualification and the psychological contract breach were positively correlated with the surface acting and the requirement of emotional expression in emotional labor.The overqualification and psychological contract breach were negatively correlated with deep acting in emotional labor(all P<0.01).The psychological contract breach played a partial mediating role in the overqualification,surface acting and emotional expression requirements,and the effect values were 0.158 and 0.129,respectively.It played a complete mediating role between overqualification and deep acting,and the effect value was-0.119.Conclusions Nurses’emotional labor is at an above medium level,and emotional labor is positively correlated with overqualification and the psychological contract breach.From the perspective of reducing the overqualification and the psychological contract breach,administrators should develop effective strategies to improve nurses’emotional labor ability and promote the quality of nursing.