不同品种莲藕加工制汁适宜性评价

Juice Processing Suitability Evaluation for Different Varieties of Lotus Root

为探究不同品种莲藕加工制汁的适宜性,选用了10个具有代表性的莲藕品种为实验材料,测定了莲藕原料的理化指标和基本营养成分,并对制得的莲藕鲜榨汁的加工品质、营养价值及物理性质进行分析,结合主成分分析和聚类分析方法对莲藕鲜榨汁品质进行综合评价。结果表明:10种莲藕原料及其鲜榨汁的各项品质指标均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),通过主成分分析将莲藕鲜榨汁9个品质指标降维为3个因子,累计贡献率达88.279%。聚类分析将10种莲藕划分为4类,第Ⅰ类为鄂莲5号、鄂莲6号和鄂莲11号;第Ⅱ类为庐江花香藕、浠水巴河莲藕、鄂莲9号、杭州白莲藕和新35;第Ⅲ类为武植二号;第Ⅳ类为沔城藕。进一步对莲藕鲜榨汁品质指标与莲藕原料品质指标的相关性分析发现,藕肉亮度小、淀粉含量低和出汁率高的品种更适合加工制汁。因此,杭州白莲藕、浠水巴河莲藕、鄂莲9号和庐江花香藕更适合作为制汁专用品种。

In order to explore the suitability of different varieties of lotus root for juice processing,ten representative lotus root varieties were selected as experimental materials,the physicochemical indexes and basic nutritional composition of lotus root raw materials were determined,and the processing quality,nutritional value and physical properties of the lotus root fresh juice were analyzed.The quality of lotus root fresh juice was comprehensively evaluated by combining principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods.The results showed that there were significant differences(P<0.05)in all quality indicators of the ten lotus root raw materials and their fresh juices,and the nine quality indicators of lotus root fresh juices was reduced to three factors by principal component analysis,with a cumulative contribution of 88.279%.Ten species of lotus roots were divided into four categories by cluster analysis,the first category being Elian No.5,Elian No.6 and Elian No.11,the second category being Lujiang floral lotus root,Xishui Bahe lotus root,Elian No.9,Hangzhou white lotus root and Xin 35,the third category being Wuzhi No.2,and the fourth category being Miancheng lotus root.Further correlation analysis of the quality indexes of lotus root fresh juice with the quality indexes of lotus root raw materials revealed that varieties with small brightness of lotus root,low starch content and high juice yield were more suitable for juice processing.Therefore,Hangzhou white lotus root,Xishui Bahe lotus root,Elian No.9 and Lujiang floral lotus root were more suitable as special varieties for juice processing.