意大利文艺复兴时期的“理想城市”及其兴起背景

Ideal City in Italian Renaissance and its Background

15世纪的意大利出现了新型的城市样式,从中世纪的有机生长过渡到人为规划,注重对称、规则的结构布局和开辟新城空间,并且上升到理论的高度。意大利许多城市都有此“理想城市”转向,并且大多成为新兴城市国家的首府,这推动了文艺复兴时期新一波城市化浪潮的兴起,亦发展出一种新的城市结构和城市设计思想。这种转型体现了政治、经济和社会的整体变迁,它不仅受到规划思想革新的推动,也是这时期意大利特定政治环境的产物。君主的集权和相互之间的竞争促成了以城市作为权力表征,也使意大利从封建领地和自治城市的时代向近代国家的时代转变。这批城市为欧洲城市此后的发展指明了一个新的方向,奠定了现代城市结构的基础。

The 15th Century saw the emergence of a new urban style in Italy,a transition from organic growth in the Middle Ages to artificial planning,a focus on symmetrical,regular structural layout and the opening of new city space,and a rise to theoretical heights.Many Italian cities took this turn of Ideal City,and most became the capitals of new city states,which promoted the rise of a new wave of urbanization during the Renaissance,and also developed a new urban structure and urban design.This transformation reflected the overall political,economic and social changes.It was not only driven by the innovation of planning theory,but also the product of the specific political environment in Italy during this period.The centralization of the monarchy and the competition between each other contributed to the cities as representation,which also transformed Italy from the era of feudal territories and autonomous cities into a modern state.These cities pointed out a new direction for the future development of European cities and laid the foundation for the modern urban structure.