冷战中的书籍文化传播——美国宪法在20世纪60年代海峡两岸的译介与批判

Cultural Infiltration Through Translation During the Cold War:the U.S.Information Agency and the Dissemination of the U.S.Constitution in China in the 1960s

在20世纪60年代冷战的高峰时期,美国新闻总署曾利用设在中国香港和台湾地区的美国新闻处,翻译出版了大量美国宪法类译著,在两地广为流传,并以此对中国进行文化渗透。与此同时,中国台湾地区也出版了好几部美国宪法类译著,并在王云五的影响之下,编撰出版了本土学者的相关著作,推动了美国宪法书籍在中国台湾地区的传播。而中国内地地区,则在冷战反美反帝的大背景之下,从美国宪法的帝国主义倾向、美国制宪时的阶级斗争和美国宪法的反民主性质入手,予以猛烈批判。美国宪法在20世纪60年代海峡两岸的译介过程中,呈现出不同的境遇,在随后的流转中,更是深受时代环境变化的影响。

The U.S.Information Agency played a very important role to facilitate the translation and dissemination of the U.S.Constitution in China during the 1960s.The World Today Press in Hong Kong region,with the aid of U.S.Information Agency,translated and published more than ten books on the U.S.Constitution,which were distributed in the Taiwan Island region also by the U.S.Information Agency.In the mean time,Wang Yunwu,a famous publisher and the so called“father of the Ph.Ds in Taiwan”,promoted publishing of several Chinese books on U.S.Constitution.The Chinese scholars in the mainland,via the translation of books written by the historians of Soviet Union,criticized the cultural infiltration and the dissemination of the U.S.Constitution in China.