仪式歌舞作为行动——田村彝族阿苏者跳歌之研究

Ritual Singing and Dancing as Action:a Study of the A’suzhe Singing and Dancing of the Yi People of Tiancun

莫里斯·布洛赫提出仪式的言语行为(包括仪式歌舞)的意义可分为命题力和施事力,言语行为越是形式化其命题力越弱,反之施事力越强。布洛赫提出了仪式研究领域的一条进路,认为仪式中的言语行为不是通过描述、表达或传达思想来进行交流,而是实际上做了某个行动。但学界对仪式具体“做了”什么以及言语内容的重要性却有不同的看法。以滇中南华县田村彝族“阿苏者跳歌”为例,从阿苏者跳歌在仪式展演和非仪式展演之间的对比入手,发现“阿苏者跳歌”的展演语境、展演内容及其形式之间是互构的,共同决定了其“所为”。

Maurice Bloch proposes that the meaning of ritual speech acts(including ritual singing and dancing)can be divided into propositional and performative forces,with the more formalized the speech act,the weaker its propositional force and the stronger its performative force.Taking the example of the A’suzhe singing and dancing of the Tiancun Yi people,we find that the contrast between the ritual and non-ritual performance of the A’suzhe singing and dancing reveals that the context of the performance,the content of the performance,and its form are inter-constituted and jointly determine its“doing”.