英国半正式主体参与历史建成环境治理研究

The Participation of Semi-formal Organisations in Governing the Historic Built Environment of the United Kingdom

随着国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的不断深入,以政府文物部门和规划建设部门为主导的历史建筑及建成环境管理体系,越发暴露出部门条块分割强、多元主体参与意愿弱、可选政策工具有限等不足。文章使用回溯网络历史文献的研究方法,对英国非部门公共组织——历史英格兰(Historic England)的发展历程和组织架构进行剖析,展现半正式主体在提升机构运作效率、整合跨部门资源和构建多方协作平台方面的角色优势。研究发现英国半正式主体兼具正式制度保障和市场化运营的双重优势,国家级代理人式机构的定位可有效破解各中央部门在历史建成环境管理中的条块分割,不断更新的具体治理工具对构建保护标准体系、辅助政府决策、创新激励手段和促进社会共识发挥了降低公共成本、提升治理效能的作用,可为我国该领域的多元主体协同治理提供借鉴。

The management system for historic buildings and built environment in China is currently led by the departments of cultural heritage and the departments of planning and construction in the government.The shortcomings of this system are being revealed as the national governing system continues to evolve,including strict departmental segmentation,weak willingness to collaborate across multiple organisations,and limited choices of policy tools.This article traces the evolution and organisational structure of Historic England,a British non-departmental public body,through online historical literature retrospection.It demonstrates the advantages of British semi-formal organisations in enhancing the operational efficiency,integrating cross-departmental resources,and constructing platforms for multilateral collaborations.It further reveals that,firstly,British semi-formal organisations can combine the advantages of formal system assurance and market-oriented operation;secondly,semi-formal organisations working as state-level agencies can efficiently break the divisions of the federal government’s departments in the administration of historic buildings and their built environments;thirdly,a continually updating targeted governance toolkit can play a significant role in building a standard protection system,assisting the government in making decisions,innovating incentive policies,and promoting social consensus by reducing public costs and promoting governance efficiency.This case study can serve as a model for the multi-organisational collaborative governance of China’s historic built environment.