赣尺探寻——历史地理学视野下赣地乡土营造尺的流布与辨析

Gan Ruler:The Dissemination and Differentiation of Construction Rulers in Jiangxi Province from the Perspective of Historical Geography

文章通过文献梳理、实物测量及工匠访谈的综合比对,系统统计、分析了赣地乡土营造尺及其相关样本100余个,将赣地乡尺按其尺长范围,初步划分为“赣小尺”“赣中尺”和“赣大尺”三大尺簇,并从历史地理学、传播学、文化人类学的视角,考证、解读江西“赣小尺”“赣中尺”和“赣大尺”三大尺簇的来源与流布。总体来看,江右一带乡土营造受到多时度、多方位、多频次的文化传播和技术影响,因而赣地乡尺既有唐代俗用大尺的痕迹,也有宋元淮尺的遗制,更有明清以来其它俗间尺的影响。从分布特征来看,赣中尺主要分布在江西偏北部地区;赣大尺主要分布在江西偏南部地区,并呈现出一定的对外影响。赣地乡尺的梳理,可为江右乡土建筑营造区划及谱系的深入研究提供借鉴和思考。

This research categorises and analyses over 100 samples of construction rulers in Jiangxi and surrounding provinces based on a comprehensive literature review,physical measurement,and craftsman interviews.Gan rulers(vernacular rulers in Jiangxi Province)are tentatively categorised into three clusters based on length:‘large Gan ruler’,‘medium Gan ruler’,and‘small Gan ruler’.The genesis and dissemination of the three ruler clusters in Jiangxi are examined and evaluated from the multi-disciplinary perspectives of historical geography,communication science,and cultural anthropology.In general,the local construction in the Jiangxi region was intermittently influenced by cultural transmission and building technology from multiple directions and eras.Therefore,the Gan rulers are not only remnants of the large ruler employed in the Tang Dynasty(618–907 CE),but also the legacy of the Huai ruler from the Song and Yuan dynasties(960–1368 CE),and were impacted by other folk rulers from the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368–1912).In terms of dissemination,the medium Gan ruler is primarily dispersed in the northern region of Jiangxi;the large Gan ruler is distributed mainly in the southern region of Jiangxi and is influential in areas beyond the province.The classification of Gan rulers can inform further research into the distribution and pedigree of Jiangxi’s vernacular architecture.